Table of Contents
ABAP - By Theme
ABAP Programming
ABAP Introduction
Notes on the Portability of ABAP
Native SQL
Files
Numeric format
Numbers
Alignment
Character set
Sorting
ABAP Programming Language
ABAP syntax
ABAP Syntax
Syntax conventions in the ABAP keyword documentation
Comments
Comments in ABAP/4 Programs
ABAP Types and Objects
ABAP Types and Objects
Hierarchy of ABAP Types
Hierarchy of ABAP objects
Data Types
Hierarchy of ABAP data types
ABAP Type Names
Example
Relative Type Names
Absolute Type Names
Example
Built-in elementary data types and complex data types
Numeric Types
ABAP Numeric Types
User-Defined Data Types
Local Types in Programs
Global Types
Working with Complex Types
Basic universal operations
Strings - Fields with Variable Length
Typing Formal Parameters and Field Symbols
Typing with Complete Types
Typing with Generic Types
Other Comments on Typing with Generic Types
Data Objects
Visibility of Data Objects
Variable and Constant Data Objects
Named and Unnamed Data Objects
Named and Unnamed Data Objects
Structure of Data Objects
Statically-Declared and Dynamically-Created Data Objects
Binding of Data Objects to Formal Parameters and Field Symbols
Data Declarations in Events
Global:
Local:
Example
Example
Alignment of Data Objects
Byte Order
Binary representation of numbers
Binary representation of characters
Container problems
Literals
Character Literals
Text Field Literals
String Literals
Numeric Literals
Using Data Objects
Data Objects at Write Positions
Non-Changeable Data Objects
Data Objects at Read Positions
Character-Type Data Objects
Data Objects for Character-Type Operations
Data Objects for Numeric Operations
Data Objects for Byte-Like Operations
Memory Requirements of Deep Data Types
Internal Tables
Objects
Data Objects
Strings
Display of the Memory Required
References in ABAP
Typed Data References - Overview
Using Typed Data References
Advantages of Typing
Type Check of Reference Parameters
Converting Reference Parameters
Internal Tables
TYPES ... TYPE REF TO DATA
TYPES - For Data References
Variant 1
Addition:
Example
DATA
Variant 1
Effect
Example
ABAP Programming Language
ABAP Data Types and Data Objects
TYPES
Additional help
TYPES - Simple Type Definitions
Variants:
Variant 1
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Example
Addition 2
Effect
Example
Note
Addition 3
Effect
Note
Example
Additional help
Addition 4
Effect
Example
Addition 5
Effect
Example
Addition 6
Effect
Example
Addition 7
Effect
Example
Addition 8
Effect
Addition 9
Effect
Variant 2
Extras:
Effect
Note
Additional help
TYPES - Defining a Structured Type
Basic form
Effect
Example
Additional help
TYPES - Defining an Internal Table Type
Variants:
Effect
Variant 1
Effect
Example
Variant 2
Addition:
Effect
Addition
Effect
Variant 3
Effect
Note
Additional help
INCLUDE TYPE
Basic form 3
Extras:
Effect
Note
Addition 1
Effect
Notes
Addition 2
Effect
Example
Related
TYPE-POOLS
Basic form
Effect
Example
Additional help
Keywords for Data Objects
DATA
DATA
Additional help
DATA - Simple Field Definition
Variants:
Variant 1
Extras:
Effect
Additional help
Addition 1
Effect
Example
Addition 2
Effect
Example
Note
Addition 3
Effect
Example
Addition 4
Effect
Example
Addition 5
Effect
Note
Example
Additional help
Addition 6
Effect
Example
Addition 7
Example
Addition 8
Effect
Example
Note
Addition 9
Effect
Addition 10
Effect
Addition 11
Effect
Example
Additional help
Variant 2
Extras:
Effect
Note
DATA - Definition of a Structured Data Object
Basic form
Effect
Note
Example
Notes
Notes
Additional help
DATA - Defining an Internal Table
Variants:
Variants:
Effect
Variant 1
Effect
Example
Variant 2
Effect
Variant 3
Effect
Variant 4
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Variant 5
Example
Variant 6
Effect
Example
Additional help
DATA - Defining Common Data Areas
Basic form
Effect
Notes
Additional help
CREATE - Creating a General Data Object
Variants:
Effect
Variant 1
Example
Variant 2
Effect
Example
Variant 3
Effect
Example
Variant 4
Effect
Examples
Variant 5
Effect
Exceptions
Related
SIMPLETYPE Type Declarations in the CREATE DATA Statement
Alternatives:
Effect
Notes
Alternative 1
Effect
Examples
Alternative 2
Effect
Example
Note
Alternative 3
Effect
Example
Alternative 4
Effect
SIMPLEOBJ - Using a Reference Object in the CREATE DATA Statement
Alternatives:
Effect
Alternative 1
Effect
Alternative 2
Effect
LINETYPE - Zeilentypangabe bei CREATE DATA
Alternatives:
Effect
Alternative 1
Effect
Alternative 2
Effect
Alternative 3
Effect
KEYDEF - Defining a Table Key in the CREATE DATA Statement
Alternatives:
Effect
Alternative 1
Effect
Alternative 2
Effect
Alternative 3
Effect
GET REFERENCE
Basic form 11
Effect
Example
Exceptions
Related
Notes
INCLUDE STRUCTURE
Basic form 2
Extras:
Effect
Note
Note
Note
Addition 1
Effect
Notes
Addition 2
Effect
Related
CONSTANTS
Variants:
Effect
Example
Note
Additional help
STATICS
Effect
Example
Additional help
LOCAL
Basic form
Effect
Example
Note
Additional help
FIELDS
Basic form
Effect
TABLES
Basic form
Effect
Example
Notes
Related
Additional help
NODES
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Additional help
Defining the Attributes of Data Objects
DESCRIBE - Supply the Attributes of a Field
Variants:
Effect
Note
Variant 1
DESCRIBE FIELD
Extras:
Addition 1
Effect
Example
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Example
Note
Addition 5
Effect
Example
Addition 6
Effect
Example
Addition 7
Effect
Example
Addition 8
Effect
Example
Addition 9
Effect
Note
Example
Variant 2
Note
Effect
Example
Additional help
DESCRIBE - Determining the Distance Between Two Fields
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Example
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Additional help
Processing Data
Assigning Values
MOVE
Variants:
Variant 1
Effect
Example
Notes
If the target field has type C, you must decide between MOVE and WRITE TO. The MOVE statement is intended for assignments within a program, and it generates a standard display that is compatible with the source type. This can be converted back into the original value using MOVE again, as long as it was not truncated in the assignment. For this reason, the period (.) is always used as the decimal sign, and dates cannot be converted, regardless of the user defaults.
You use the WRITE TO statement to generate a readable ('external') display for the value of the source field. The target field is usually displayed on a screen or in a list, after further processing if necessary. Unlike MOVE, WRITE TO has several formatting options, which, for some data types, are user-defined. A conversion exit may be called implicitly.
Variant 2
Effect
Example
Variant 3
Effect
Example
Variant 4
Effect
Note
Example
Variant 5
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Note
Exceptions
Related
Additional help
MOVE-CORRESPONDING
Basic form
Effect
Notes
Example
Example
Related
Additional help
WRITE - Output to a variable
Variants:
Variant 1
Addition:
Effect
Example
Notes
Addition
Effect
Variant 2
Effect
Note
Note
Exceptions
Related
Additional help
PACK
Basic form
Effect
Example
Note
Exceptions
UNPACK
UNPACK
Basic form
Effect
Example
Notes
Exceptions
CONVERT - Conversion of date specifications
Variants:
Effect
Note
Example
Exceptions
Additional help
CLEAR
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Example
Notes
Within a logical expression, you can use f IS INITIAL to check that the field f contains the initial value appropriate for its type.
Variables are normally initialized according to their type, even if the specification of an explicit initial value is missing (the "... VALUE lit" addition to the DATA statement). For this reason, it is not necessary to initialize variables again with CLEAR after defining them.
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Note
Note
Exceptions
Additional help
FREE - Resets a data object to its original value and releases the resources it occupied.
Basic form
Effect
Note
Note
Additional help
Assigning Values
COMPUTE - Arithmetic Expression
Variant 1
Effect
Note
Example
Note
Notes
Example
Note
Example
Note
Note
Note
Example
Example
Notes
Exceptions
Related
Additional help
ADD
Variants:
Variant 1
Effect
Example
Note
Related
Variant 2
Addition:
Effect
Example
Addition
Effect
Variant 3
Addition:
Effect
Example
Addition
Effect
Variant 4
Addition:
Effect
Example
Addition
Effect
Variant 5
Addition:
Effect
Example
Addition
Effect
Note
Exceptions
Runtime Error: ADD_FIELDS_NOT_IN_RANGE
Runtime Error: ADD_FIELDS_ILLEGAL_ACCESS
Additional help
ADD-CORRESPONDING
Basic form
Effect
Example
Note
Exceptions
Related
Additional help
IF = 'SCREEN'
SUBTRACT Syntax Diagram
ELSE
SUBTRACT
ENDIF
Basic form
Effect
Example
Note
Exceptions
Related
Additional help
SUBTRACT-CORRESPONDING
Basic form
Effect
Example
Note
Exceptions
format
Related
Additional help
DIVIDE
DIVIDE
Basic form
Effect
Example
Note
Exceptions
Related
Additional help
DIVIDE-CORRESPONDING
Basic form
Effect
Example
Note
Exceptions
Related
Additional help
MULTIPLY
MULTIPLY
Basic form
Effect
Example
Note
Exceptions
Related
Additional help
MULTIPLY-CORRESPONDING
Basic form
Effect
Example
Note
Exceptions
Related
Additional help
COMPUTE - Exceptions
Processing Byte Strings and Character Strings
Processing Byte Strings and Character Strings
Byte Strings and Character Strings
Instructions for Byte and Character String Processing
Operands in Byte and Character String Processing
Operands in Byte String Processing
Operands in Character String Processing
Note
CONCATENATE
Basic form
Effect
Example
Addition 1
Effect
Examples
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Notes
If you use the CONCATENATE statement to cut part of a character-type field (example: CONCATENATE f(len) f+off INTO f) you should, for performance reasons, use the REPLACE SECTION statement.
Related
Additional help
SPLIT
SPLIT
Variants:
Variant 1
Extras:
Effect
Examples
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Notes
Variant 2
Extras:
Effect
Example
Note
Related
Additional help
SHIFT
Variants:
Variant 1
Extras:
Effect
Example
Addition 1
Effect
Example
Addition 2
Effect
Example
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Addition 5
Effect
Variant 2
Extras:
Effect
Example
Note
Variant 3
Extras:
Effect
Example
Note
Variant 4
Variant 5
Extras:
Effect
Example
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Note
Related
Additional help
CONDENSE
Basic form
Addition:
Effect
Example
Addition
Effect
Example
Note
Note
Related
Additional help
TRANSLATE
Variants:
Variant 1
Variant 2
Effect
Example
Note
Variant 3
Effect
Example
Variant 4
Effect
Example
Note
Variant 5
Effect
Example
Effect
Note
Note
Exceptions
Related
Additional help
TRANSLATE c TO UPPER/LOWER CASE: Additional Information
Variants:
Example
Example
Note
CONVERT - Conversion to a sortable format
Basic form
Effect
Notes
Note
Example
Note
Exceptions
Additional help
OVERLAY
OVERLAY
Basic form
Addition:
Effect
Example
Note
Addition
Effect
Example
Note
Related
Additional help
REPLACE
Variants:
REPLACE ... IN ... WITH ...
Basic form
Extras:
Notes
Effect
Example
Addition 1
Effect
Example
Addition 2
Effect
Example 1
Example 2
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Addition 5
Effect
Example
Addition 6
Effect
Example
Addition 7
Effect
Note
Addition 8
Effect
Note
Addition 9
Effect
Note
Example
Example
Addition 10
Effect
Example
Note
Example
Addition 11
Effect
Example
Exceptions
Related
Additional help
REPLACE SECTION OF ... WITH ...
Basic form
Extras:
Notes
Effect
Example
Notes
Addition 1
Effect
Example
Addition 2
Effect
Example
Related
Additional help
FIND
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Example
Notes
Addition 1
Effect
Example
Addition 2
Effect
Example
Note
Addition 3
Addition 4
Addition 5
Effect
Example
Addition 6
Effect
Example
Exceptions
Related
SEARCH
SEARCH
Variants:
Variant 1
Extras:
Effect
Notes
Addition 1
Effect
Example
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Example
Addition 5
Effect
Addition 6
Effect
Variant 2
Extras:
Effect
Note
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Example
Addition 5
Effect
Addition 6
Effect
Note
Related
Additional help
Single-Bit Processing in Hexadecimal Fields
SET BIT
Basic form 18
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Example
Exceptions
Related
Additional help
GET BIT
Basic form 9
Effect
Example
Exceptions
Related
Additional help
COMPUTE - Bit Expression
Variant 2
Effect
Note
Example
Example
Note
Note
Exceptions
Related
Additional help
Type Conversion
User-specific Input/Output Conversions
Notes
Field Symbols
FIELD-SYMBOLS
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Example
Addition 1
Addition 2
Addition 3
Addition 4
Addition 5
Addition 6
Addition 7
Effect
Effect
Example
Related
Additional help
ASSIGN
Variants:
ASSIGN
Variant 1
Extras:
Effect
Note
Note
Example
Example
Exceptions
Note
ABAP_RELATED&
Additional help
ASSIGN ... CASTING
Extras:
Addition 1a
Effect
Note
Example
Addition 1b
Effect
Note
Note
Example
Addition 1c
Effect
Addition 1d
Effect
Note
ASSIGN
Addition 2
Effect
Note
Example
DECIMALS Addition
ASSIGN
Addition 3
Effect
Example
Note
RANGE Addition
ASSIGN
Addition
Effect
Notes
You can also specify a deep structure in the RANGE addition.
Example
ASSIGN COMPONENT
Variant 2
Extras:
Effect
Note
If idx has the value 0, the entire structure is assigned to the field symbol.
Example
Exceptions
Related
Additional help
ASSIGN for Dereferencing
Variant 5
Extras:
Effect
Note
Example
Exceptions
Related
Additional help
ASSIGN INCREMENT
ASSIGN INCREMENT
Variant 6
Extras:
Effect
Example
Example
Exceptions
Related
ASSIGN LOCAL COPY
Variants:
Variant 3a
Extras:
Effect
Note
Example
Variant 3b
Effect
Note
Variant 3c
Effect
Note
Example
Exceptions
Related
Additional help
ASSIGN dynamic
Variants:
Effect
Variant 4a
Effect
Notes
You cannot use offset and length specifications ( (f)+off(len)) with a dynamic ASSIGN.
The name of the field to be assigned can also be the name of a field symbol or formal parameter (or even a component of one of these, if the field symbol or the parameter has a structure).
Example
If the name of the field to be assigned is in the form (program_name)feld_name, the system searches for the field field_name in the global fields of program_name. However, it will not find it unless the program has already been loaded. (Warning: This option is for internal use by specialists only. Incompatible changes or developments may occur at any time without prior notice).
The content of the field f can be a single field name or an identifier like oref->attr. The second option allows you to access attributes of objects whose identity is not known until runtime - such as attributes of sub-class objects, to which a superclass reference points.
The system searches for the field to be assigned in the following order:
Example
Variant 4b
Effect
Example
Variant 4c
Effect
Variant 4f
Effect
Exceptions
Related
Additional help
ASSIGN
Variant 4b
Effect
Example
Example
Example
ASSIGN - TABLES Work Areas in the Main Program Group
ASSIGN LOCAL COPY OF MAIN TABLE FIELD
Variant 4c
Note
Effect
Example
ASSIGN
UNASSIGN
Basic form
Effect
Related
Additional help
Logical Expressions
Note
Note
Exceptions
Additional help
Logical Expressions - Relational Operators For All Data Types
Note
Additional help
Logical Expressions - Comparison Operators for Character-Type Fields
Additional help
Logical Expressions - Comparison Operators for Byte-Type Fields
Logical Expressions - Relational Operators for Bit Masks
Note
Additional help
Logical Expressions - Test for Interval Assignment
Additional help
Logical Expressions - Comparison with Initial Value
Example
Additional help
Logical Expressions - Is a Field Symbol Assigned?
Example
Additional help
Logical Expressions - Valid Reference?
Example
Exceptions
Logical Expressions - Test for Existence of a Formal Parameter
Note
Example
Note
Logical Expressions - Check for Transfer of an Actual Parameter
Basic form
Effect
Notes
Example
Related
Logical Expressions - Comparison with a Selection Criterion
Note
Example
Note
Example
Note
Additional help
Flow Control
Conditional Branches
Basic form
Effect
Notes
Additional help
ELSEIF
Basic form
Effect
Example
Related
Additional help
ELSE
Basic form
Effect
Example
Related
Additional help
ENDIF
Basic form
Effect
Additional help
CASE
Basic form
Effect
Example
Notes
Related
Additional help
WHEN
Variants:
Variant 1
Addition:
Effect
Addition
Effect
Note
Variant 2
Effect
Additional help
ENDCASE
Basic form
Effect
Additional help
ON CHANGE OF
Basic form
Addition:
Effect
Note
Example
Addition
Effect
Example
Notes
Related
ENDON
Basic form
Effect
Loops
DO
Variants:
1. DO.
2. DO n TIMES.
Variant 1
Extras:
Effect
Example
Note
Addition 1
Effect
Example
Note
Addition 2
Effect
Variant 2
Extras:
Effect
Example
Related
Note
Exceptions
Additional help
ENDDO
Basic form
Effect
Additional help
WHILE
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Example
Notes
Addition
Effect
Example
Note
Addition 2
Effect
Exceptions
Unzulässiger Zugriff auf Tabellen, Strings, Feld- oder Objektreferenzen innerhalb des Bereichs, der durch den RANGE-Zusatz angegeben ist.
Runtime Error: DO_WHILE_VARY_ILLEGAL_ACCESS
Related
Additional help
ENDWHILE
Basic form
Effect
CHECK - Within loops
Basic form
Effect
Note
Related
Additional help
Continue
Basic form
Effect
Example
Related
EXIT in Loops
Basic form
Effect
Note
Example
Note
Related
Additional help
Processing Large Datasets
Processing Large Datasets
Internal tables
Internal Tables
Internal Tables - Overview
Internal Tables - Overview
What Are Internal Tables?
Data Types
Data Objects
Using Internal Tables
Data Exchange with Internal Tables
Operations on Internal Tables
Selecting a Table Type
Declaring Internal Tables
Internal Tables as Parameters for Routines
TABKIND - Internal Table Types
Alternatives:
Effect
Alternative 1
Effect
Alternative 2
Effect
Alternative 3
Effect
Alternative 4
Effect
Alternative 5
Effect
Generic Table Types
Standard Keys in Internal Tables
KEYDEF - Defining a Key for Internal Tables
Alternatives:
Effect
Alternative 1
Effect
Alternative 2
Effect
Note
Alternative 3
Effect
Note
Pseudo Component TABLE_LINE for Internal Tables
Attributes of Objects as Internal Table Keys
Notes
Example
Changing Individual Rows of Internal Tables
Note for Sorted Tables and Hashed Tables
General Performance Notes for Internal Tables
Sharing Internal Tables
OCCURS Value or INITIAL SIZE Specification
Index Management
Filling Line-by-line
Filling and Deleting by Blocks
Reading from the Datbase
Changing Fields Using Selective Field Transport
Optimized Key Operations for Tables of Types SORTED and HASHED TABLE
Accessing single records using READ
Examples
Partially Sequential Quantity Access Using the WHERE Condition
Examples
Notes
Statements Explicitly Specifying the Work Area
Inserting and/or Deleting Table Lines Within LOOP ... ENDLOOP
Cost of Index Maintenance when Inserting into and Deleting from Internal Tables
Rules for locale-specific sorting
Internal Tables
APPEND
Variants:
Variant 1
Effect
Examples
Notes
Variant 2
Effect
Example
Note
Variant 3
Effect
Example
Notes
Exceptions
INSERT itab
INSERT - Insert into an Internal Table
Variants:
Variant 1
Effect
Notes
Example
Variant 2
Effect
Example
Variant 3
Effect
Notes
Example
Variant 4
Effect
Notes
Exceptions
MODIFY - Changing Individual Rows in an Internal Table
Variants:
Variant 1
Effect
Variant 2
Effect
Variant 3
Effect
Notes
Example
Notes
Notes
Exceptions
COLLECT
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Notes
Example
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Note
Exceptions
READ - Reading an Internal Table
Variants:
Effect
Variant 1
Variant 2
Effect
Notes
Variant 3
Effect
Notes
Variant 4
Effect
Notes
Exceptions
READ TABLE ... Output
Additions for Output With READ TABLE
Extras:
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2a
Effect
Note
Addition 2b
Effect
Addition 3a
Effect
Notes
Addition 3b
Effect
Addition 4a
Effect
Notes
Addition 4b
Effect
LOOP - Loop on an internal table
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
If the internal table is empty, all the statements between LOOP and ENDLOOP are ignored.
The sequence in which the entries occur in the loop depend on the table type specified in the table definition (unless the table has been explicitly resorted using the SORT statement:
Example
Notes
You cannot change a complete internal table by using a loop on it. To change a complete table, use the REFRESH, CLEAR, FREE, MOVE, SORT, or SELECT ... INTO/APPENDING statements. This rule also applies to passing a table as a CHANGING VALUE parameter.
If you use SUM in the LOOP processing, and also explicitly declare an output area wa, this area must have the same line type as the internal table itab.
Addition 1
Addition 2
Effect
Notes
Example
Addition 3
Effect
Example
Addition 4
Effect
Example
Example
Example
Example
Notes
Exceptions
ENDLOOP
Basic form
Effect
AT - Control breaks with internal tables
Variants:
Effect
Notes
Note
Variant 1
Variant 2
Effect
Example
Notes
If you use AT within a LOOP with an explicitly-specified output area, the area must be compatible with the line type of the internal table so that it can be initialized properly (as described above) at the start of a new control level.
You can restrict control break criteria further, regardless of whether they were defined statically or dynamically, by specifying offset and/or length.
Variant 3
Variant 4
Effect
Example
SUM - Control Level Processing for Internal Tables
Basic form
Effect
Example
Notes
Exceptions
ENDAT
Basic form
Effect
Additional help
DELETE - Deleting from an Internal Table
Variants:
Effect
Note
Variant 1
Effect
Note
Variant 2
Effect
Variant 3
Effect
Variant 4
Effect
Variant 5
Effect
Variant 6
Extras:
Effect
Notes
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Example
Variant 7
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Notes
Note
REFRESH - Delete an internal table
Variants:
Variant 1
Effect
Notes
Note
Variant 2
Note
Effect
Example
Variant 3
Note
Effect
Exceptions
DESCRIBE - Return attributes of an internal table
Basic form
Effect
Note
Extras:
Addition 1
Effect
Note
Example
Addition 2
Effect
Example
Addition 3
Effect
Example
Notes
EDITOR-CALL - Call editor for internal tables
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Notes
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Addition 3
Effect
Example
SORT - Sorting an Internal Table
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Note
Example
Addition 5
Effect
Notes
Notes
Exceptions
Extracts
FIELD-GROUPS
Basic form
Effect
Example
Note
INSERT - Insert into a field group
Basic form
Effect
Notes
Exceptions
EXTRACT
Basic form
Effect
Notes
Exceptions
LOOP
LOOP - Loop on an extract dataset
Basic form
Effect
Notes
Example
Related
Exceptions
SORT - Sorting an Extract Dataset
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Note
Example
Example
Addition 5
Effect
Notes
Notes
Exceptions
AT - Control Level Processing
AT - Control breaks with extracts
Variants:
Effect
Notes
Variant 1
Variant 2
Effect
Example
Notes
Variant 3
Variant 4
Effect
Variant 5
Addition:
Effect
Addition
Effect
CNT
Basic form
Effect
Related
Additional help
SUM - for Extracts
Basic form
Effect
Related
Additional help
Saving Data Externally
External Data Storage
Saving Data Objects as Clusters
Data Clusters
SAP Memory and ABAP Memory
SAP and ABAP Memory
Global SAP memory
Local SAP memory
ABAP memory
EXPORT TO MEMORY/DATABASE/SHARED BUFFER
EXPORT - Export data
Variants:
Variant 1
Extras:
Effect
Notes
You cannot export the header lines of internal tables because specifying the name of an internal table with a header line always exports the actual table data.
Example
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Note
Variant 2
Extras:
Effect
Notes
Data, object, and interface references cannot be exported.
Example
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Note
Variant 3
Extras:
Effect
Notes
You cannot export the header lines of internal tables because specifying the name of an internal table with a header line always exports the actual table data.
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Note
Related
Variant 4
Extras:
Effect
Notes
You cannot export the header lines of internal tables because specifying the name of an internal table with a header line always exports the actual table data.
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Addition 5
Effect
Variant 5
Extras:
Effect
Notes
Example
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Example
Addition 5
Effect
Variant 6
Extras:
Effect
Notes
You must also enter the work area explicitly in classes - that is, addition 5 is mandatory.
Example
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Note
Effect
Addition 5
Effect
Example
Addition 6
Effect
Addition 7
Effect
Note
Exceptions
Variant 7
Note
Variant 8
Effect
Note
Example
Exceptions
Additional help
Runtime Errors for EXPORT TO DATABASE
Exceptions at EXPORT TO DATABASE
IMPORT FROM MEMORY/DATABASE/SHARED BUFFER
IMPORT - Get data
Variants:
Variant 1
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Addition 5
Effect
Addition 6
Effect
Addition 7
Effect
Addition 8
Effect
Addition 9
Effect
Addition 10
Effect
Variant 2
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Addition 5
Effect
Addition 6
Effect
Addition 7
Effect
Addition 8
Effect
Addition 9
Effect
Addition 10
Effect
Variant 3
Extras:
Effect
Note
Addition 1
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Notes
Addition 4
Effect
Addition 5
Effect
Addition 6
Effect
Related
Variant 4
Extras:
Effect
Notes
Addition 1
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Addition 5
Effect
Addition 6
Effect
Addition 7
Effect
Variant 5
Extras:
Effect
Example
Notes
Addition 1
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Example
Variant 6
Extras:
Effect
Example
Notes
Addition 1
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Example
Addition 4
Note
Effect
Addition 5
Effect
Example
Addition 6
Addition 7
Effect
Addition 8
Effect
Addition 9
Effect
Addition 10
Effect
Addition 11
Effect
Addition 12
Effect
Addition 13
Effect
Addition 14
Effect
Addition 15
Effect
Variant 7
Note
Variant 8
Note
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Addition 2
Effect
Variant 9
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Example
Variant 10
Effect
Note
Example
Exceptions
Additional help
Exceptions for IMPORT FROM DATABASE
IMPORT - Exceptions,,
FREE MEMORY
FREE - Release an Area in ABAP Memory
Basic form
Addition:
Effect
Notes
Addition
Effect
Related
Additional help
DELETE -Delete a Data Cluster
DELETE - Delete a Data Cluster
Variants:
Variant 1
Effect
Notes
Related
Additional help
Variant 2
Addition:
Effect
Addition
Effect
Variant 3
Addition:
Effect
Example
Addition
Effect
Example
Variant 4
Addition:
Effect
Example
Addition 1
Effect
Example
Additional help
Working With Files
Working with Files
OPEN DATASET
OPEN DATASET
Basic form 1
Extras:
Effect
Example
Notes
Note
Addition 1a
Effect
Note
Addition 1b
Effect
Addition 1c
Effect
Note
Addition 1d
Effect
Addition 2a
Effect
Addition 2b
Effect
Note
Addition 2c
Effect
Addition 2d
Effect
Notes
Addition 3
Effect
Note
Addition 4
Effect
Addition 5
Effect
Notes
Addition 6
Effect
Note
Example
Addition 7
Effect
Example
Addition 8
Effect
Example
Exceptions
Note
Related
Additional help
TRANSFER
TRANSFER - Writing to a File
Basic form
Addition:
Effect
Example
Notes
Exceptions
Addition
Effect
Related
Additional help
READ DATASET
READ DATASET - Read From a File
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Example
Notes
Addition 1
Effect
Example
Addition 2
Effect
Example
Exceptions
Note
Related
Additional help
GET DATASET
GET DATASET
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Example
Addition 2
Example
Notes
Related
SET DATASET
SET DATASET
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Example
Addition 2
Effect
Example
Exceptions
Related
CLOSE DATASET
CLOSE DATASET
Basic form 1
Effect
Exceptions
Note
Related
Additional help
DELETE DATASET
DELETE - Delete a file
Basic form
Effect
Notes
Exceptions
Related
Additional help
Modularization Techniques
Modularization Techniques
Organization of Modularization Units
Organization of Data Areas and Modularization Units
Terminal sessions, sessions and program groups
Common data areas
Assignment of screens, lists and user interfaces
Source code modules
Source Code Modules
Macros
Macros
DEFINE
DEFINE
Basic form
Effect
Example
Notes
Additional help
END-OF-DEFINITION
END-OF-DEFINITION
Basic form
Effect
Include Programs
Include Programs
INCLUDE
INCLUDE prog
Basic form 1
Effect
Example
Notes
Additional help
Procedures
Procedures
Literals as Actual Parameters for Typed Formal Parameters
Literals as Actual Parameters in FORM Routine Calls, Function Modules and Methods with Typed Formal Parameters
Passing text literals
Passing numeric literals to:
Subroutines
Subroutines
FORM
FORM
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Example
Notes
Addition 1
Effect
Example
Addition 2
Effect
Note
Example
Addition 3
Effect
Example
Addition 4
Effect
Note
Additional help
ENDFORM
ENDFORM
Basic form
Effect
Additional help
PERFORM
PERFORM
Variants:
Variant 1
Extras:
Effect
Note
Example
Addition 1
Effect
Example
Addition 2
Addition 3
Effect
Example
Notes
Variant 2
Extras:
Effect
Note
Example
Notes
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Variant 3
Effect
Variant 4
Extras:
Effect
Notes
Addition 1
Effect
Variant 5
Notes
Variant 6
Extras:
Effect
Notes
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Notes
Exceptions
Additional help
Function modules
Function Modules
Interfaces of Function Modules
Function Module Interfaces
FUNCTION
FUNCTION
Basic form
Effect
Note
Additional help
ENDFUNCTION
ENDFUNCTION
Basic form
Effect
Additional help
CALL FUNCTION
CALL FUNCTION
Variant 1
Extras:
Effect
SY-SUBRC = 0:
SY-SUBRC <> 0:
Notes
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Addition 5
Effect
Note
Example
Addition 6
Effect
Example
Addition 7
Effect
Example
Exceptions
Additional help
CALL CUSTOMER-FUNCTION
CALL CUSTOMER-FUNCTION
Variant 6
Extras:
Effect
Note
RAISE
RAISE - Raising an Exception Defined Using the EXCEPTIONS Addition
Basic form 1
Effect
Example
Exceptions
Runtime Error:
Related
Additional help
Methods
Methods
Special Topics
Special Techniques
The SAP Authorization Concept
The SAP Authorization Concept
Authorization field
Authorization object
Authorization
Authorization profile
User master record
Authorization check
Authorization assignment
AUTHORITY-CHECK
AUTHORITY-CHECK
Basic form
Effect
Note
Example
Additional help
Exception Handling
Exception Handling
Exceptions
Class-Based Exceptions
Preceding Concepts
Pre-Defined Exceptions in the Runtime Environment
User-Specific Exceptions in Procedures
Class-Based Exceptions
Class-Based Exceptions
GET_TEXT: Returns a text description of the exception
GET_SOURCE_POSITION: Returns the point at which the exception occurred
TEXTID: Used to define different texts for exceptions of a particular exception class. Affects the result of the method GET_TEXT. For more details on assigning texts to exceptions, see Exception Texts.
PREVIOUS: If one exception is mapped to another, this attribute stores the original exception, which allows the system to build a chain of exceptions.
KERNEL_ERRID: Contains the name of the appropriate runtime error if the exception was triggered from the kernel. If the exception was raised using a RAISE EXCEPTION, this attribute is initial.
CX_STATIC_CHECK
CX_DYNAMIC_CHECK
CX_NO_CHECK
TRY
TRY
Basic form
Effect
Related
Additional help
CATCH
CATCH - Definition of an Exception Handler in a TRY Block
Basic form
Addition:
Effect
Example
Example
Addition
Effect
Example
Related
Additional help
CLEANUP
CLEANUP
Basic form
Effect
Example
Related
Addition
Effect
Additional help
ENDTRY
ENDTRY
Basic form
Effect
Related
Additional help
RAISE EXCEPTION
RAISE EXCEPTION
Variants:
Effect
Variant 1
Addition:
Example
Addition 1
Effect
Example
Variant 2
Example
Related
Additional help
RAISING Addition for Procedures
Addition
Effect
Additional help
Exception Texts
Exceptions
Example
Example
Additional help
Exceptions in ABAP Statements
Exceptions in ABAP Statements
Example
Exception that was not handled
Handling exceptions using/with exception classes
Handling exceptions as catchable runtime errors
Exception Classes for ABAP Statements
Exception Classes for ABAP Statements
Catchable Runtime Errors
Catchable Runtime Errors
CATCH SYSTEM-EXCEPTIONS
CATCH - Catching Runtime Errors
Basic form
Effect
rc ... rcn must be numeric literals.
You can include a CATCH ... ENDCATCH block anywhere where an IF ... ENDIF block can be included - that is, local to an event, not cross-event
The block can be nested to any depth
Exceptions will only be caught in the current call level. For example, PERFORM or CALL FUNCTION statements within a CATCH...ENDCATCH block will not be executed.
You can only use CATCH...ENDCATCH if you are not already using the class-based exceptions mechanism in the same context - that is within the same method, subroutine, function module, or ABAP event.
One of the pre-defined exception groups, in which catchable runtime errors are summarized. You cannot use abstract exception classes here either.
OTHERS, all remaining catchable SYSTEM-EXCEPTION runtime errors. If you declare OTHERS, it must be as the last SYSTEM-EXCEPTION in the list.
The keyword documentation, where catchable runtime errors are declared explicitly
Exception groups
Example
Examples
Notes
ENDCATCH
ENDCATCH
Basic form
Effect
Alphabetical Overview of Catchable Runtime Errors
ADDF_INT_OVERFLOW
ASSIGN_CASTING_ILLEGAL_CAST
ASSIGN_CASTING_UNKNOWN_TYPE
ASSIGN_FIELD_NOT_IN_RANGE
BCD_FIELD_OVERFLOW
BCD_OVERFLOW
BCD_ZERODIVIDE
COMPUTE_ACOS_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_ASIN_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_ATAN_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_BCD_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_COSH_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_COSH_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_COS_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_COS_LOSS
COMPUTE_EXP_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_EXP_RANGE
COMPUTE_FLOAT_DIV_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_FLOAT_MINUS_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_FLOAT_PLUS_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_FLOAT_TIMES_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_FLOAT_ZERODIVIDE
COMPUTE_INT_ABS_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_INT_DIV_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_INT_MINUS_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_INT_PLUS_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_INT_TIMES_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_INT_ZERODIVIDE
COMPUTE_LOG10_ERROR
COMPUTE_LOG_ERROR
COMPUTE_MATH_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_MATH_ERROR
COMPUTE_MATH_LOSS
COMPUTE_MATH_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_MATH_UNDERFLOW
COMPUTE_POW_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_POW_RANGE
COMPUTE_SINH_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_SINH_OVERFLOW
COMPUTE_SIN_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_SIN_LOSS
COMPUTE_SQRT_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_TANH_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_TAN_DOMAIN
COMPUTE_TAN_LOSS
CONNE_IMPORT_WRONG_COMP_DECS
CONNE_IMPORT_WRONG_COMP_LENG
CONNE_IMPORT_WRONG_COMP_TYPE
CONNE_IMPORT_WRONG_FIELD_DECS
CONNE_IMPORT_WRONG_FIELD_LENG
CONNE_IMPORT_WRONG_FIELD_TYPE
CONNE_IMPORT_WRONG_OBJECT_TYPE
CONNE_IMPORT_WRONG_STRUCTURE
CONVT_CODEPAGE
CONVT_CODEPAGE_INIT
CONVT_NO_NUMBER
CONVT_OVERFLOW
CREATE_DATA_ILLEGAL_DECIMALS
CREATE_DATA_ILLEGAL_INIT_SIZE
CREATE_DATA_ILLEGAL_LENGTH
CREATE_DATA_LEN_NOT_ALLOWED
CREATE_DATA_NOT_ALLOWED_TYPE
CREATE_DATA_UNKNOWN_TYPE
CREATE_OBJECT_CLASS_ABSTRACT
CREATE_OBJECT_CLASS_NOT_FOUND
CREATE_OBJECT_CREATE_PRIVATE
CREATE_OBJECT_CREATE_PROTECTED
DATA_LENGTH_NEGATIVE
DATA_LENGTH_0
DATA_LENGTH_TOO_LARGE
DATA_OFFSET_NEGATIVE
DATA_OFFSET_LENGTH_TOO_LARGE
DATA_OFFSET_LENGTH_NOT_ALLOWED
DATASET_CANT_CLOSE
DATASET_CANT_OPEN
DATASET_NO_PIPE
DATASET_NO_POSITION
DATASET_NOT_OPEN
DATASET_OFFSET_TO_LARGE
DATASET_PIPE_CLOSED
DATASET_READ_ERROR
DATASET_READ_ONLY
DATASET_SEEK_ERROR
DATASET_TOO_MANY_FILES
DATASET_WRITE_ERROR
DYN_CALL_METH_CLASSCONSTRUCTOR
DYN_CALL_METH_CLASS_ABSTRACT
DYN_CALL_METH_CLASS_NOT_FOUND
DYN_CALL_METH_CONSTRUCTOR
DYN_CALL_METH_EXCP_NOT_FOUND
DYN_CALL_METH_NOT_FOUND
DYN_CALL_METH_NOT_IMPLEMENTED
DYN_CALL_METH_NO_CLASS_METHOD
DYN_CALL_METH_PARAM_KIND
DYN_CALL_METH_PARAM_LITL_MOVE
DYN_CALL_METH_PARAM_MISSING
DYN_CALL_METH_PARAM_NOT_FOUND
DYN_CALL_METH_PARAM_TAB_TYPE
DYN_CALL_METH_PARAM_TYPE
DYN_CALL_METH_PARREF_INITIAL
DYN_CALL_METH_PRIVATE
DYN_CALL_METH_PROTECTED
DYN_CALL_METH_REF_IS_INITIAL
EXPORT_BUFFER_NO_MEMORY
EXPORT_DATASET_CANNOT_OPEN
EXPORT_DATASET_WRITE_ERROR
GENERATE_SUBPOOL_DIR_FULL
IMPORT_ALIGNMENT_MISMATCH
IMPORT_TYPE_MISMATCH
IMPORT_WRONG_END_POS
MOVE_CAST_ERROR
OPEN_DATASET_NO_AUTHORITY
OPEN_PIPE_NO_AUTHORITY
PERFORM_PROGRAM_NAME_TOO_LONG
REFI_WRONG_SECTION
REPLACE_INFINITE_LOOP
RMC_COMMUNICATION_FAILURE
RMC_INVALID_STATUS
RMC_SYSTEM_FAILURE
STRING_LENGTH_NEGATIVE
STRING_LENGTH_TOO_LARGE
STRING_OFFSET_NEGATIVE
STRING_OFFSET_TOO_LARGE
STRING_OFFSET_LENGTH_TOO_LARGE
TEXTENV_CODEPAGE_NOT_ALLOWED
TEXTENV_INVALID
TEXTENV_KEY_INVALID
Assignment of Catchable Runtime Errors to Exception Groups
Assignment of Catchable Runtime Errors to Exception Groups
Exception group: ARITHMETIC_ERRORS
Notes
Exception group: CONVERSION_ERRORS
Note
Exception group: CREATE_DATA_ERRORS
Exception group: CREATE_OBJECT_ERRORS
Exception group: DATA_ACCESS_ERRORS
Exception group: DYNAMIC_CALL_METHOD_ERRORS
Exception group: FILE_ACCESS_ERRORS
Exception group: IMPORT_MISMATCH_ERRORS
Exception group: LOCALIZATION_ERRORS
Exception group: REMOTE_CALL_ERRORS
Not assigned to an exception group:
Runtime Errors
Runtime Errors
Debugging
Help When Testing
ASSERT
ASSERT
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Notes
BREAK-POINT
BREAK-POINT
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Note
Effect
Notes
GET RUN TIME
GET RUN TIME FIELD
Basic form 5
Effect
Notes
Example
Note
Related
Related
Additional help
SET RUN TIME CLOCK RESOLUTION
SET RUN TIME CLOCK RESOLUTION
Variants:
Effect
Note
Variant 1
Effect
Variant 2
Effect
Exceptions
Additional help
SET RUN TIME ANALYZER
SET RUN TIME ANALYZER ON/OFF
Variants:
Effect
Note
Variant 1
Effect
Variant 2
Effect
Example
Note
Additional help
Example
Standardized Microseconds
msn = standardized microseconds
Link to Performance Notes
Performance
SET EXTENDED CHECK
SET EXTENDED CHECK
Basic form 12
Effect
SYNTAX-TRACE
SYNTAX-TRACE
Note
Variants:
Variant 1
Effect
Variant 2
Effect
Variant 3
Effect
Variant 4
Effect
Time Stamp
Timestamps in ABAP
Comparison and arithmetic
Generating a timestamp
Converting timestamps to the local time zone
Important notes about summertime rules
Converting Time Stamps
Converting timestamps into local time
Differences between UTC time and local time or summertime
Summertime rules
GET TIME STAMP FIELD f
GET TIME STAMP FIELD
Basic form 6
Effect
Note
Example
Exceptions
Related
CONVERT ... TIME STAMP ...
CONVERT - Converting Time Stamps
Variants:
Effect
Variant 1
Effect
Variant 2
Effect
Variant 3
Effect
Variant 4
Effect
Example
Notes
Exceptions
Related
GET TIME
GET TIME
Basic form 4
Addition:
Effect
Addition
Effect
Note
Setting the Language Key
Language Indicator.
SET LANGUAGE
SET
Basic form 6
Effect
Notes
Additional help
SET LOCALE
SET LOCALE
Basic form 8
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Notes
Note
Exceptions
Related
Additional help
GET LOCALE
GET LOCALE LANGUAGE
Basic form 7
Effect
Related
Additional help
Dynamic Program Processing
Dynamic Program Processing
Program
Dynamic Program Generation
INSERT REPORT
INSERT - Insert a Program
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Example
Notes
Addition 1
Effect
Note
Addition 2
Effect
Note
Addition 3
Effect
Note
Addition 4
Effect
Example
Notes
Addition 5
Effect
Example
Note
Addition 6
Effect
Example
Addition 7
Effect
Example
Addition 8
Effect
Example
Addition 9
Effect
Exceptions
Related
Additional help
READ REPORT
READ - Read a program
Basic form
Addition:
Effect
Example
Addition
Note
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Exceptions
Related
Additional help
DELETE REPORT
DELETE - Delete a program
Note
Basic form
Addition:
Effect
Note
Addition
Effect
Exceptions
Related
EDITOR-CALL FOR REPORT
EDITOR-CALL - Call ABAP program editor
Basic form
Addition:
Effect
Note
Addition
Effect
Example
Related
SYNTAX-CHECK FOR itab
SYNTAX-CHECK FOR itab
Note
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Example
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Addition 5
Effect
Addition 6
Effect
Addition 7
Effect
Addition 8
Effect
Addition 9
Effect
Addition 10
Effect
Addition 11
Effect
GENERATE REPORT/SUBROUTINE POOL
GENERATE - Generate a program
Note
Variants:
Variant 1
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Addition 5
Effect
Addition 6
Effect
Addition 7
Effect
Addition 8
Effect
Addition 9
Effect
Addition 10
Effect
Addition 11
Note
Variant 2
Extras:
Effect
Notes
Exceptions
Related
Additional help
LOAD REPORT
LOAD
Note
Basic form
Variants:
Variant 1
Effect
Variant 2
Effect
Variant 3
Effect
Variant 4
Effect
Variant 5
Effect
Variant 6
Effect
Variant 7
Effect
Variant 8
Effect
Variant 9
Effect
Variant 10
Effect
Variant 11
Effect
Variant 12
Effect
Variant 13
Effect
Variant 14
Effect
Variant 15
Effect
Variant 16
Effect
Variant 17
Effect
Variant 18
Effect
Variant 19
Effect
Variant 20
Effect
Variant 21
Effect
Variant 22
Effect
Variant 23
Effect
Variant 24
Effect
Variant 25
Effect
Variant 26
Effect
Variant 27
Effect
Variant 28
Effect
Variant 29
Effect
Variant 30
Effect
Variant 31
Effect
Variant 32
Effect
Variant 33
Effect
Variant 34
Effect
Variant 35
Effect
Variant 36
Effect
Variant 37
Effect
Variant 38
Effect
Variant 39
Effect
Variant 40
Effect
Variant 41
Effect
Variant 42
Effect
Variant 43
Effect
Variant 44
Effect
Exceptions
SCAN
SCAN
Note
Variants:
Variant 1
Extras:
Effect
Notes
Addition 1
Addition 2
Effect
Notes
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Addition 5
Effect
KEY_END
STMNT_FROM
STMNT_TO
<>
STRUC_TO
BACK
Addition 6
Effect
Addition 7
Effect
Addition 8
Effect
Example
Note
Addition 9
Effect
Note
Addition 10
Effect
Addition 11
Effect
Addition 12
Effect
Note
Addition 13
Addition 14
Addition 15
Addition 16
Addition 17
Addition 18
Effect
Variant 2
Extras:
&ABAP_ADDITION _1&
&ABAP_ADDITION _2&
&ABAP_ADDITION _3&
&ABAP_ADDITION _4&
&ABAP_ADDITION _5&
&ABAP_ADDITION _6&
Effect
Exceptions
Text elements
Text Elements
Example
Notes
INSERT TEXTPOOL
INSERT - Insert text elements
Basic form
Addition:
Effect
Example
Note
Addition
Note
Effect
Notes
Exceptions
Related
READ TEXTPOOL
READ - Read text elements
Basic form
Addition:
Effect
Example
Addition
Note
Effect
Exceptions
Related
DELETE TEXTPOOL
DELETE - Delete text elements
Note
Basic form
Addition:
Effect
Example
Addition
Note
Effect
Exceptions
Related
SCREEN
EXPORT DYNPRO
EXPORT - Export a screen
Note
Basic form
Effect
Related
IMPORT DYNPRO
IMPORT DYNPRO - Import a screen
Note
Basic form
Effect
Related
DELETE DYNPRO
DELETE - Delete a screen
Note
Basic form
Effect
Example
Related
SYNTAX-CHECK FOR DYNPRO
SYNTAX-CHECK FOR DYNRPO
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Example
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
GENERATE DYNPRO
GENERATE - Generate a screen
Note
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Related
Special Statements for Applications
Special ABAP Statements for Applications
INFOTYPES
INFOTYPES
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Example
Addition 1
Effect
Example
Addition 2
Effect
Example
Addition 3
Effect
Example
Addition 4
Effect
Example
Addition 5
Effect
Note
PROVIDE
PROVIDE
Variants:
Effect
Variant 1
Effect
Notes
Example
Exceptions
Variant 2
Effect
Notes
Example
Related
ENDPROVIDE
ENDPROVIDE
Basic form
Effect
The ENDPROVIDE statement closes a loop introduced by PROVIDE.
ABAP User Dialogs
ABAP Screens
Screens
Screen Keywords:
Process
Variants:
Variant 1
Effect
Examples
Variant 2
Effect
Examples
Variant 3
Effect
Examples
Variant 4
Effect
Example
Additional help
FIELD
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Additional help
Addition 1
Effect
Example
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Addition 5
Effect
Addition 6
Effect
Addition 7
Effect
MODULE ... ON
SELECT
SQL interface
VALUES
CHAIN
Basic form
Effect
Note
ENDCHAIN
Basic form
Effect
LOOP
Note
Variant 1
Effect
Addition
Effect
Variant 2
Effect
Addition 1
Addition 2
Effect
Note
Addition 3
Effect
Note
Example
Note
Addition 4
Addition 5
Variant 3
Effect
ENDLOOP
Basic form
Effect
Additional help
CALL SUBSCREEN
Basic form
Variants:
Effect
Notes
Variant 1
Effect
Additional help
ABAP Statements for Screens
Modifying Screens using the SCREEN Table
System Table SCREEN
LOOP - Loop on screen fields
Basic form
Effect
Addition
Effect
Note
Related
MODIFY SCREEN
MODIFY - Change the attributes of a screen field
Basic form
Addition:
Effect
Note
Addition
Effect
Note
Related LOOP AT SCREEN... ENDLOOP, MODIFY itab
SET HOLD DATA
Basic form 20
Variants:
Effect
SUPPRESS DIALOG
Basic form
Effect
Note
EXIT FROM STEP-LOOP
Basic form
Effect
Additional help
CONTROLS
Basic form
Effect
Related
ABAP Tab Control
CONTROLS ... TYPE TABSTRIP
Basic form
Effect
ABAP Tableview Control
CONTROLS ... TYPE TABLEVIEW
Basic form
Effect
Example
Example
Additional help
REFRESH - Initialize a control
Basic form
Effect
Note
Related
Examples
SET PF-STATUS
Basic form 1
Extras:
Effect
Note
Example
Example
Note
Notes
Addition 1
Effect
Example
Addition 2
Effect
Example
Note
Addition 3
Effect
Note
Note
Additional help
GET PF-STATUS
Basic form 10
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Example
Related
Additional help
SET TITLEBAR
Basic form 2
Extras:
Effect
Notes
Addition 1
Effect
Example
Addition 2
Effect
Example
Note
SET CURSOR
Variants:
1. SET CURSOR FIELD f.
2. SET CURSOR LINE line.
3. SET CURSOR col line.
Effect
Variant 1
Extras:
Effect
Note
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Notes
Examples
Variant 2
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Example
Variant 3
Effect
Note
Example
Related
Additional help
GET CURSOR
Variants:
Variant 1
Extras:
Effect
Note
Example
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Note
Effect
Variant 2
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Related
Additional help
Selection Screens
Notes
PARAMETERS
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Notes
Example
Additional help
Addition 1
Effect
Notes
Addition 2
Effect
Example
Addition 3
Effect
Note
Example
Addition 4
Effect
Notes
Example
Addition 5
Effect
Note
Example
Notes
Addition 6
Effect
Note
Addition 7
Effect
Note
Addition 8
Effect
Addition 9
Effect
Note
Addition 10
Effect
Addition 11
Effect
Addition 12
Effect
Notes
Addition 13
Effect
Notes
Addition 14
Effect
Addition 15
Effect
Addition 16
Effect
Note
Example
Note
Note
Example
Note
Note
Example
Note
Addition 17
Effect
Example
Addition 18
Effect
Note
Example
Addition 19
Effect
Addition 20
Effect
Note
Example
Addition 21
Effect
Notes
Example
Addition 22
Effect
Note
Example
Addition 23
Effect
Notes
Related
RANGES
Basic form
Addition:
Effect
Note
Addition
Effect
Additional help
SELECT-OPTIONS
Variants:
Notes
Additional help
Variant 1
Extras:
Effect
Example
Note
Addition 1
Effect
Notes
Example
Addition 2
Effect
Example
Notes
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Example
Note
Example
Addition 5
Effect
Note
Addition 6
Effect
Note
Addition 7
Effect
Example
Addition 8
Effect
Addition 9
Effect
Addition 10
Effect
Addition 11
Effect
Addition 12
Effect
Notes
Addition 13
Effect
Addition 14
Addition 15
Effect
Example
Addition 16
Addition 17
Effect
Example
Addition 18
Effect
Variant 2
Effect
Notes
Example
Related
SELECTION-SCREEN - Defining Selection Screens
Variants:
Effect
Variant 1a
Extras:
Notes
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Note
Example
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Note
Note
Example
Note
SELECTION-SCREEN - Designing Selection Screens
Variants:
Effect
Variant 1
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Addition 2
Addition 3
Effect
Note
Variant 2
Effect
Variant 3
Effect
Note
Example
Variant 4
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Note
Example
Variant 5
Variant 6
Effect
Example
Note
Variant 7
Effect
Note
Variant 8
Extras:
Effect
Variant 9
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Example
Note
Example
Addition 3
Effect
Variant 10
Addition:
Effect
Notes
Example
Variant 11
Effect
Variant 12
Effect
Notes
Example
Additional help
SELECTION-SCREEN - Specifying Formats on a Selection Screen
Note
Example
Additional help
SELECTION-SCREEN - Including Objects on Selection Screens
Variants:
Effect
Variant 1
Extras:
Effect
Note
Addition 1a
Addition 1b
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Note
Variant 2
Extras:
Effect
Note
Addition 1a
Addition 1b
Addition 4
Effect
Addition 2a
Addition 2b
Addition 3a
Addition 3b
Effect
Note
Variant 3
Extras:
Effect
Note
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Variant 4
Extras:
Effect
Note
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Variant 5
Effect
Addition:
Notes
Example
Additional help
SELECTION-SCREEN: Special Variant for Logical Databases
Variants:
Variant 1
Variant 2
Variant 3
Effect
Extras:
Effect
Notes
Example
Variant 4
Variant 6
Extras:
Effect
Note
Note
Note
Note
Variant 5
Variant 7
Extras:
Effect
Note
Note
Note
Notes
SELECTION-SCREEN: Special Variants for Logical Databases
SELECTION-SCREEN
Special additions in the selection include of the logical database
Extras:
Addition 1
Addition 2
Effect
Note
Notes
Addition 3
Effect
Notes
CALL SELECTION SCREEN
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Note
Example
Exceptions
AT SELECTION-SCREEN
AT - Events on selection screens
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Note
The AT SELECTION SCREEN ... events are implemented internally as FORM routines. All data objects created using DATA are therefore local - only recognized and addressable within the event. This also applies to GET events.
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Note
Addition 5
Effect
Addition 6
Effect
Note
Example
Addition 7
Effect
Example
Addition 8
Effect
Note
Note
Additional help
Modification Groups on Selection Screens
Assigning a Modication Group on the Selection Screen
Addition
Effect
Example
SELECTION-SCREEN - Defining Titles and Texts on Selection Screens
Notes
Example
Dynamic Selections
Dynamic Selections on Selection Screens
Procedure from selection screen:
Note
Note
Dynamic Calls
Dialog Calls for Entering Selections.
FREE_SELECTIONS_INIT
FREE_SELECTIONS_DIALOG
Lists
Lists as Screens
Lists in ABAP Programs
Basic List
Details Lists
Structure of a List
Print Lists
Lists and ABAP Objects
Lists and Unicode
LEAVE TO LIST-PROCESSING
Basic form 5
Addition:
Effect
Note
Addition
Effect
Note
LEAVE LIST-PROCESSING
Basic form
Effect
Note
Related
Creating and Processing Lists
Creating and Editing Lists
Creating Simple Lists
WRITE - Output to a list
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Examples
Notes
Addition 1
Effect
Notes
Examples
Notes
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Example
Note
Addition 4
WRITE - Output as checkbox
Effect
Note
Examples
Additional help
Addition 5
WRITE - Output as symbol
Effect
Example
Note
Additional help
Addition 6
WRITE - Output as icon
Effect
Example
Note
Additional help
Addition 7
WRITE - Output as line
Effect
Note
Example
Additional help
Note
Addition 8
Effect
Notes
Example
Predefined Output Formats of the WRITE Statement
Output Length and Alignment
Note
Formats from the ABAP Dictionary
Decimal Separators, Date and Time Format
Formats for Character-Type, Byte-Type, and Numeric Data Objects
Line Formats
WRITE - Formatting options
Note
Option
Effect
Option
Effect
Option
Effect
Option
Option
Effect
Option
Option
Effect
Option
Option
Effect
Option
Effect
Option
Effect
Option
Effect
Example
Option
Effect
Example
Option
Effect
Example
Option
Effect
Example
Option
Effect
Example
Option
Effect
Notes
Example
Option
Effect
Option
Effect
Note
Example
Option
Effect
Example
Option
Effect
Examples
Note
Notes
Examples
Exceptions
WRITE - Output as checkbox
Effect
Note
Examples
WRITE - Output as symbol
Effect
Example
Note
WRITE - Output as icon
Effect
Example
Note
WRITE - Output as line
Effect
Note
Example
ULINE
Variants:
Variant 1
Effect
Note
Variant 2
Addition:
Effect
Note
Addition
Effect
SKIP
Variants:
Variant 1
Effect
Example
Variant 2
Effect
Note
Variant 3
Effect
Example
Note
NEW-LINE
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Notes
Addition 1
Effect
Notes
Example
Addition 2
Effect
Example
NEW-PAGE
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Notes
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Addition 5
Effect
Note
Addition 6
Effect
Note
Addition 7
Effect
Note
TOP-OF-PAGE
Basic form
Addition:
Effect
Notes
Example
Addition
Effect
Note
Related
END-OF-PAGE
Basic form
Effect
Note
Related
SET BLANK LINES...
Basic form 8
Effect
Example
Using Values Greater than 255 for the LINE-SIZE of a List
Example
System Fields for Lists
a) Generating a list
b) Interactive Reporting
Notes on the Use of LINE-COUNT in Lists
Creating Complex Lists
FORMAT
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Notes
Addition 1
Effect
Note
Addition 2
Effect
Note
Addition 3
Effect
Note
Addition 4
Effect
Note
Addition 5
Effect
Note
Addition 6
Effect
Notes
Addition 7
Effect
Example
Notes
Example
DETAILS
Basic form
Note
Related
SUMMARY
Basic form
Note
Related
RESERVE
Basic form
Effect
Notes
Note
POSITION
Basic form
Effect
Notes
Example
Related
BACK
Basic form
Effect
Example
Notes
Note
SCROLL
Variants:
Note
Variant 1
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Example
Note
Addition 2
Effect
Variant 2
Extras:
Effect
Variant 3
Extras:
Effect
Examples
Note
Variant 4
Extras:
Effect
Example
Variant 5
Extras:
Effect
Example
Addition 2
Effect
Note
Variant 6
Extras:
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Note
Variant 7
Extras:
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Example
Variant 8
Extras:
Effect
Note
SET LEFT SCROLL-BOUNDARY
Basic form 12
Addition:
Effect
Note
Addition:
Effect
Note
Example
Example
SET COUNTRY
Basic form 7
Effect
Notes
Example
Creating Interactive Lists
HIDE
Basic form
Effect
Note
Exceptions
AT - Events in lists
variants:
1. AT LINE-SELECTION.
2. AT USER-COMMAND.
3. AT PFn.
Variant 1
Effect
Note
Example
Variant 2
Effect
Example
Variant 3
Effect
Notes
Example
WINDOW
Basic form
Addition:
Effect
Addition
Effect
Example
Note
Example
READ - Reading a Line from a List
Variants:
Variant 1
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Note
Note
Example
Addition 3
Effect
Note
Variant 2
Extras:
Effect
Notes
Variant 3
Extras:
Effect
Variant 4
Extras:
Effect
MODIFY - Change a List Line
Variants:
Variant 1
Extras:
Effect
Notes
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Example
Addition 3
Effect
Note
Example
Addition 4
Effect
Note
Addition 5
Effect
Notes
Example
Variant 2
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Addition 2
Addition 3
Addition 4
Effect
Variant 3
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Addition 2
Addition 3
Addition 4
Effect
Variant 4
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Addition 2
Addition 3
Addition 4
Effect
SET USER-COMMAND
Basic form 11
Effect
Notes
Example
Example
Example
Example
DESCRIBE LIST
DESCRIBE - Supply attributes of a list
Variants:
Effect
Note
Variant 1
Addition:
Effect
Addition
Effect
Example
Variant 2
Addition:
Effect
Addition
Effect
Example
Variant 3
Addition:
Effect
Note
Addition
Effect
Example
Variant 4
Extras:
Effect
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Addition 5
Effect
Addition 6
Effect
Addition 7
Effect
Note
Addition 8
Effect
Note
Addition 9
Effect
Example
Examples
Printing in ABAP
Printing a list after it has been created
Printing a list while it is being created
Print Parameters
The most important print parameters are:
Control printing
Setting the top and left-hand margins
Examples:
NEW-PAGE PRINT ON
Extras:
Addition 8
Effect
Note
Example
Example
Notes
NEW-PAGE PRINT ON (Obsolete Additions)
Extras:
Addition 9
Note
Effect
Notes
NEW-PAGE PRINT OFF
Extras:
Addition 9
Effect
SET MARGIN
Basic form 10
Effect
Note
PRINT-CONTROL
Variants:
Variant 1
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Addition 2
Addition 3
Addition 4
Addition 5
Addition 6
Addition 7
Effect
Example
Addition 8
Effect
Addition 9
Effect
Note
Example
&ABAP_HINT'
Example
Note
Note
Variant 2
Effect
Example
SUBMIT TO SAP-SPOOL
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Additions
Effect
Note
Addition 2
Effect
Example
Example
MESSAGE
Variants:
Effect
Variant 1
Extras:
Effect
Example
Addition 1
Effect
Note
Example
Note
Addition 2
Effect
Note
Addition 3
Effect
Example
Addition 4
Effect
Note
Example
Variant 2
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Addition 2
Addition 3
Addition 4
Effect
Example
Example
Variant 3
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Addition 2
Addition 3
Addition 4
Effect
Example
Variant 4
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Addition 2
Effect
Example
Exceptions
ABAP Program Execution
Running ABAP Programs
Processing blocks
Processing Blocks
LOAD-OF-PROGRAM
Basic form
Effect
INITIALIZATION
Basic form
Effect
Example
Example
Note
Note
Note
Note
Related
Additional help
START-OF-SELECTION
Basic form
Effect
Note
Related
Additional help
GET
GET
Basic form 1
Extras:
Effect
Notes
Example
Addition 1
Effect
Example
Addition 2
Effect
Notes
Examples
Related
Additional help
Basic form
Effect
Related
Additional help
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Example
Note
Addition 1
Addition 2
Effect
Notes
Additional help
Basic form
Effect
Additional help
CHECK
CHECK - Particularly for reports with logical databases
Variants:
Variant 1
Effect
Variant 2
Effect
Example
Note
Exceptions
Cause: Wrong "OPTION" in SELECT-OPTIONS table or RANGES table
Runtime Error: CHECK_SELOPT_ILLEGAL_OPTION
Related
Additional help
Variants:
Variant 1
Effect
Variant 2
Effect
Example
Note
Exceptions
Related
Additional help
STOP
Basic form
Effect
Note
Related
Additional help
Basic form
Effect
Note
Related
Introductory Statements for Programs
Introductory Program Statements
See also:
PROGRAM
PROGRAM
Effect
Additional help
REPORT
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Example
Note
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Notes
Example
Addition 3
Effect
Note
Examples
Addition 4
Effect
Note
Example
Addition 5
Effect
Note
Example
Additional help
FUNCTION-POOL
Effect
Additional help
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Additional help
INTERFACE-POOL
Basic form
Effect
Additional help
TYPE-POOL
Basic form
Effect
Example
Additional help
Screen Sequences
Screen Sequence
CALL SCREEN
CALL SCREEN - Call a screen
Basic form
Addition:
Effect
Note
Addition
Effect
Note
Exceptions
Additional help
SET SCREEN
SET SCREEN
Basic form 3
Effect
Example
Notes
Related
Additional help
LEAVE SCREEN
LEAVE SCREEN
Basic form 4
Effect
Note
Related
Additional help
LEAVE TO SCREEN
LEAVE TO SCREEN
Basic form 3
Effect
Related
Additional help
Starting programs
Calling Programs
Calling an Executable Program
Calling Reports
SUBMIT
Basic forms:
Extras:
Effect
Note
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Notes
Addition 5
Effect
Addition 6
Effect
Addition 7
Effect
Addition 8
Effect
Note
Addition 10
Effect
Note
Note
Example
Effect
Exceptions
Additional help
Passing Parameters in SUBMIT
Parameter passing with SUBMIT
Variants:
Effect
Variant 1
Effect
Variant 2
Effect
Note
Variant 3
Effect
Variant 4
Effect
Variant 5
Effect
Variant 6
Effect
Variant 7
Effect
Note
Notes
Examples
Examples
Additional help
Calling a Transaction
Calling Transactions
CALL TRANSACTION
CALL TRANSACTION - Call a transaction
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Notes
You can use a namespace prefix with transaction names.
Example
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Note
Addition 2a
Effect
Addition 2b
Effect
Addition 2c
Effect
Addition 2d
Effect
Example
Exceptions
Related
Additional help
LEAVE TO TRANSACTION
LEAVE TO TRANSACTION
Basic form 2
Addition:
Effect
Note
Examples
Addition
Effect
Related
Additional help
Dialog modules
Dialog Modules
CALL DIALOG
CALL DIALOG - Call a dialog module
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Notes
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Examples
Notes
Addition 4
Effect
Notes
Related
Exceptions
Related
Additional help
Passing Data Using SPA/GPA Parameters
Transferring Data Using SPA/GPAParameters
SET PARAMETER
SET PARAMETER
Basic form 5
Effect
Notes
Example
Exceptions
Related
Additional help
GET PARAMETER
GET PARAMETER
Basic form 3
Effect
Notes
Example
Related
Fill Initial Screens with SPA/GPA Parameters
Leaving a Called Program
Leaving Programs
Basic form 1
Effect
Note
LEAVE
Basic form 7
Effect
Note
Related
ABAP Database Accesses
ABAP Database Accesses
Relational Databases
Relational Databases
The relational data model
SQL
Open SQL
Open SQL
Command set
Note
SELECT
Basic form
Effect
Note
Example
Note
Notes
Related
Additional help
SELECT Clause
SELECT Clause
Variants:
Effect
Note
Note
Variant 1
Effect
Examples
Note
Variant 2
Effect
Examples
Notes
Notes
Variant 3
Effect
Example
Note
Additional help
INTO CLAUSE
Variants:
Effect
Note
Variant 1
Effect
Examples
Variant 2
Effect
Example
Notes
Variant 3
Example
Variant 4
Addition:
Effect
Example
Addition
Effect
Example
Variant 5
Addition:
Effect
Addition
Effect
Variant 6
Addition:
Effect
Addition
Effect
Variant 7
Addition:
Effect
Addition
Effect
Note
Notes
Additional help
FROM Clause
Variants:
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Example
Addition 2
Effect
Example
Addition 3
Effect
Example
Notes
Addition 4
Effect
Variant 1
Effect
Example
Variant 2
Effect
Example
Note
Example
Note
Note
Variant 3
Effect
Example
Note
Note
Example
Variant 4
Effect
Examples
Notes
Exceptions
Additional help
WHERE Clause
Variants:
Effect
Notes
Variant 1
Effect
Example
Variant 2
Effect
Example
Notes
If you use FOR ALL ENTRIES IN itab, you cannot use a HAVING clause as well.
Variant 3
Effect
Example
Note
Notes
Additional help
GROUP-BY-Clause
Variants:
Variant 1
Effect
Example
Notes
Variant 2
Effect
Note
Example
Note
Additional help
HAVING-Clause
Variants:
Effect
Notes
Note
Variant 1
Effect
Example
Variant 2
Effect
Example
Note
Additional help
ORDER-BY Clause
ORDER BY Clause
Variants:
Effect
Variant 1
Effect
Example
Notes
Variant 2
Effect
Examples
Notes
Notes
Variant 3
Effect
Note
Example
Additional help
ENDSELECT
Basic form
Effect
Note
Additional help
Subquery
Subquery
Variants:
Effect
Variant 1
Example
Variant 2
Example
Variant 3
Variant 4
Notes
If you use a subquery with a relational operator instead of EXISTS, you may only specify one column in the SELECT clause. This can be either a field from the database table or an aggregate expression.
Example
Additional help
INSERT
Inserting into the Database
Variants:
Effect
Notes
Variant 1
Extras:
Effect
Example
Addition 1
Effect
Example
Addition 2
Effect
Variant 2
Extras:
Effect
Note
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Variant 3
Extras:
Note
Effect
Example
Notes
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Additional help
UPDATE
Variants:
Effect
Notes
Variant 1
Extras:
Effect
Example
Example
Note
Addition 1
Effect
Note
Example
Addition 2
Effect
Example
Addition 3
Effect
Variant 2
Extras:
Effect
Example
Examples
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Variant 3
Extras:
Effect
Note
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Variant 4
Extras:
Note
Effect
Example
Note
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Exceptions
Runtime Error: SAPSQL_SET_MISSING_VALUE
Runtime Error: SAPSQL_SET_NOT_PLUS_MINUS
Additional help
MODIFY
MODIFY - Changing a Database Table
Variants:
Effect
Notes
Variant 1
Extras:
Effect
Example
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Variant 2
Extras:
Effect
Note
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Variant 3
Extras:
Note
Effect
Example
Note
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Variant 4
Addition:
Note
Effect
Addition
Effect
Additional help
DELETE
Deleting from a Databse Table
Variants:
Effect
Notes
Variant 1
Extras:
Effect
Example
Addition 1
Effect
Example
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Variant 2
Extras:
Effect
Example
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Variant 3
Extras:
Effect
Note
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Variant 4
Addition:
Note
Effect
Example
Note
Addition
Effect
Variant 5
Note
Effect
Additional help
OPEN CURSOR
OPEN CURSOR
Basic form 2
Effect
Example
Notes
Related
Additional help
FETCH
Basic form
Effect
Example
Related
Additional help
CLOSE CURSOR
Basic form 2
Effect
Additional help
Exceptions in OPEN SQL
Exceptions in Open SQL
Dynamic Source Text in Open SQL
(source_text): Source Code in Dynamic Open SQL
Variants:
Effect
Variant 1
Effect
Example
Variant 2
Effect
Example
Variant 3
Effect
Example
Variant 4
Effect
Example
Note
Logical Condition in Database Access Statements
Logical Conditions in the WHERE Clause
Variants:
Effect
Note
Variant 1
Effect
Examples
Example
Notes
Variant 2
Effect
Example
Note
Variant 3
Addition:
Effect
Examples
Notes
Addition
Effect
Example
Notes
Variant 4
Effect
Example
Note
Variant 5
Effect
Example
Note
Variant 6
Effect
Example
Notes
Variant 7
Effect
Example
Note
Variant 8
Effect
Example
Variant 9
Effect
Note
Example
Variant 10
Effect
Note
Example
Variant 11
Effect
Note
Examples
Variant 12
Effect
Additional help
Dynamic Logical Condition in Open SQL
Dynamic Logical Condition
Basic form
Effect
Notes
Notes
Example
Exceptions
Additional help
Field Label
Field descriptor
Variants:
Effect
Variant 1
Effect
Example
Variant 2
Effect
Example
Effect
Example
Additional help
Column Reference
Column Reference
Variants:
Effect
Variant 1
Addition:
Effect
Example
Addition
Effect
Example
Variant 2
Addition:
Effect
Example
Addition
Effect
Example
Additional help
Aggregate Functions
Aggregate Functions
Variants:
Effect
Note
Variant 1
Effect
Example
Variant 2
Effect
Example
Variant 3
Effect
Example
Variant 4
Effect
Example
Variant 5
Effect
Example
Variant 6
Effect
Example
Exceptions
Additional help
Strings in Database Tables
Short Strings
Long Strings
Length Restriction
Notes:
Performance:
Secondary Database Connections
Secondary Database Connections with Open SQL
Note
Setting Up a Secondary Database Connection
Standard Database Connection
Accessing Other Database Tables
Database Connections and Transactions
A COMMIT CONNECTION or ROLLBACK CONNECTION on this
A COMMIT WORK or ROLLBACK WORK
A database commit or database rollback on this database connection in Native SQL,
An implicit commit by a screen change, specifically the statements CALL SCREEN, CALL DIALOG, CALL TRANSACTION, MESSAGE
A Remote Function Call (RFC), specifically the statements CALL FUNCTION ... DESTINATION, CALL FUNCTION ... STARTING NEW TASK, CALL FUNCTION ... IN BACKGROUND TASK, and WAIT.
Note:
Interaction with Native SQL Connections.
Managing Database Connections
Structure of Database Tables
Line Structure of Database Tables
Notes
Related
Performance Tips for Open SQL Programming
General Performance hints for Open SQL Programming
Keep the hit list small
Transfer small amounts of data
Use a small number of database accesses
Search through small amounts of data
Reduce the database load where possible
Further Help
Indexes
Indexes
Indexes - Form and Use
Creating an index
When to create an index
It is worth creating an index when:
Using an index consisting of several fields
Optimal number of fields for an index
Fields to include in an index
Optimal number of indexes for a table
Avoiding OR conditions
Problems with IS NULL
Native SQL
Native SQL
Command set
Note
Further Help
EXEC
Basic form
Addition:
Effect
Example
Example
Example
Example
Example
Notes
Notes
Addition
Effect
Example
Note
Exceptions
Related
Additional help
ENDEXEC
Basic form
Effect
Additional help
EXIT FROM SQL
EXIT FROM SQL
Basic form
Effect
Related
Additional help
Logical databases
Logical Databases
Functions for displaying and changing logical databases:
Interaction between database program and report:
Further documentation:
Additional help
Naming Conventions for Logical Databases
Naming Convention for Logical Databases
PUT dbtab
PUT
Variants:
Effect
Note
Variant 1
Effect
Variant 2
Effect
Example
Related
Additional help
Contexts
What is a context?
Advantages
Context Builder
Application help:
CONTEXTS - Declaring a Context
CONTEXTS - Declaring a Context
Basic form
Effect
Note
Example
Related
Additional help
SUPPLY
SUPPLY - Supplies a context with key fields
Basic form
Effect
Example
Notes
Related
Additional help
DEMAND
DEMAND - Request Information from a Context
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Example
Effect
Example
Notes
Related
Additional help
Contexts - Buffering Concept
Context Buffering
Buffering Types
Buffer Size
Buffering Types
Performance
Transaction Processing
Programming Transactions
Transactions
Update transactions
Preserving database integrity
Bundling database updates
The ABAP/4 commands COMMIT WORK and ROLLBACK WORK
Handling terminations
Short response times in dialog transactions
Distributing a transaction across several work processes
Database Integrity
Database Integrity
Semantic integrity
Relational integrity
Operational integrity
Logical Unit of Work (LUW)
Logical Unit of Work (LUW)
Database commit and rollback
Locking
Database Locking
Database Locking
How is locking achieved?
What is locked?
Lock mode
How are locks set?
How long is a lock retained?
SAP Locking
The SAP lock mechanism is described in:
The R/3 Lock Concept
Locking Conflicts During Database Read Access
Locking Conflicts in R/3 on DB2 for OS/390
COMMIT
Variants:
Effect
Variant 1
Addition:
Effect
Notes
Addition
Effect
Variant 2
Effect
Note
Exceptions
Additional help
ROLLBACK WORK
ROLLBACK Syntax Diagram
ROLLBACK
Variants:
Effect
Variant 1
Effect
Variant 2
Effect
Notes
ROLLBACK is not allowed during an update (CALL FUNCTION ... IN UPDATE TASK) or during the execution of FORMs registered with PERFORM ... ON COMMIT or PERFORM ... ON ROLLBACK.
Exceptions
Additional help
CALL FUNCTION ... IN UPDATE TASK
CALL FUNCTION
Variant 3
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Note
Related
SET UPDATE TASK LOCAL
SET UPDATE TASK LOCAL
Basic form 17
Effect
Note
Example
ABAP Objects
Object Orientation
Object Orientation
Objects
Classes
Object References
Encapsulation
Polymorphism
Inheritance
Uses of Object Orientation
Definition of Classes and Interfaces
Definition of Classes and Interfaces
Defining Local Classes
Defining local interfaces
Classes
Classes
Components of Classes,,,,
Components of Classes,,,,
Visibility Areas in Classes
Public Section
Protected Section
Private Section
Encapsulation
Attributes
Instance Attributes
Static Attributes
Methods
Instance methods
Static methods
Constructors
Functional methods
Attributes of interface parameters in methods
Parameter passing by reference or by value
Typing parameters
Optional parameters
The C Destructor
Kernel-Methoden
Einleitung
Definition von Kernel-Methoden
Deklaration in ABAP
Implementierung in ABAP
Beispiele
Implementierung im Kernel
Registrierung
Argumente registrieren
Zugriff auf die Argumente
Ausnahmen auslösen
Ausnahmen registrieren
Ausnahmen auslösen
Hilfsprogramm für Kernel-Methoden
Beispiel
Deklarationsteil der Klasse in ABAP
Signaturfile //src/krn/runt/abkmeth.sig im Kernel
C++-Quelltext //src/krn/.../mycalc.cpp im Kernel
Implementierungsteil der Klasse in ABAP
Constructors
Instance Constructors
Static Constructors
Visibility of Instance Constructors
Events
Instance events
Static events
Types and Constants in Classes
Types
Constants
Inheritance
Redefining Methods
Abstract and Final Methods and Classes
References to Subclasses and Polymorphism
Inheritance and Interfaces
Component Visibility
Public components
Protected components
Private components
Example of protected components
Namespace of Components
Inheritance and Static Attributes
Inheritance and Constructors
Instance Constructors
Static Constructors
Inheritance and Instance Creation
Inheritance and Instance Creation
Possible Cases
Superclass with no addition or CREATE PUBLIC
Superclass with CREATE PROTECTED addition.
Superclass with CREATE PRIVATE addition
Subclass no friend of the superclass
Subclass is friend of the superclass
Interfaces
Interface Components
Implementing Interfaces
Interface References
Accessing Objects Using Interface References
Accessing the Static Components of Interfaces
Composing Interfaces
Composing Interfaces
Using alias names
Accessing interface references
Implementing nested interfaces in classes
Friends - Friendship Between Classes
Friends
Friendship is One-Sided
Inheritance, Interfaces, and Friendship
The FRIENDS Additions
Objects
Objects
Creating Objects
Access to Instance Components
Lifetime of Objects
Object References
Reference Variables
Data Types for References
Class Reference
Interface References
Special References
Initializing Reference Variables
Assigning References - Narrowing Cast
Assigning References - Widening Cast
Object References as Actual Parameters
Assigning Object References to Field Symbols
Accessing Class Components
Static Access
Dynamic Access
Dynamically Accessing Atributes
Dynamic Method Calls
Access to Attributes Using References in Internal Tables
Operators in ABAP Objects
The Casting Assignment
Statements in ABAP Objects
Statements for Defining Classes and Interfaces
Defining Classes
Defining the Declaration Part
Defining the Implementation Part
Defining Class Components
Statements in the Declaration Part
Statements in the Implementation Part
Defining Interfaces
Defining the Interface
Statements for Defining Interface Components
Note
Statements for implementing methods
Statements for implementing methods
Statements in Class and Interface Pools
Statements in Class Pools
Statement for Declaring Type Groups
Statement for Defining Types Local in the Program
Statements in Interface Pools
Statement for Declaring Type Groups
Notes
Replacements for obsolete language constructs in ABAP Objects
Incorrect Syntax
Missing Separator
Incorrect Plus-Bracket Notation
Cannot Process a Literal over Several Lines
Cannot Update Field Labels that Extend over More Than One Line
Type Definitions and Data Declarations
New Naming Conventions
Cannot Use TABLES Statement
Cannot Use the NODES Statement
No common data areas
Cannot Use LIKEReference to Dictionary Types
Cannot Declare Type, Length, or Decimal Places Implicitly
Incorrect Length Entry in Declaration
No Operational Statements in Structure Definitions
Cannot Use Anonymous Components in Structures
You cannot declare anonymous components when you define a structured data object using the DATA, CLASS-DATA, STATICS or CONSTANTS statements in ABAP Objects.
Cannot Use NON-LOCAL Addition
No definition of field groups in methods
FIELDS not allowed
Cannot Use STATICS in Instance Methods
Assignments
Cannot Use CLEAR WITH NULL
Cannot Use PACK
Cannot Use the MOVE PERCENTAGE Statement
Cannot Perform Arithmetic Operations on Identically-Named Structure Components
No summing-up of memory positions
Cannot Convert Dates
Offset/Length Specifications
Cannot Enter Length Less Than or Equal to Zero when Accessing Fields,,,,,,
Processing Character Strings
Use Only Character-Type Fields when Processing Strings
Field Symbols
Cannot Use Field Symbols as Class Components
No field symbols without type assignment
No obsolete casting withASSIGN
No Obsolete Casting forFIELD SYMBOLS
No local copies usingASSIGN
No search limitations with dynamic ASSIGN
Logical Expressions and Control Structures
False Logical Operators
ON CHANGE OF - ENDON not Permitted
Incorrect statement after CASE
Internal Tables
Cannot Use OCCURS with Declarative Statements
Cannot Use Headers in Tables
Cannot Use Short Forms in Line Operations
Cannot Change an Internal Table in a Loop
Compatible Line Types when Using the INSERT INTO TABLE Statement
Incompatible Work Area when Processing Control Levels
Cannot Declare a Superfluous Work Area
Cannot Use Obsolete Key Declaration with TABLE LINE
Cannot Use Obsolete READ Variants
No WRITE TO for Internal Tables
No Field Symbols as Sort Criterium
No field symbols as a control break criterion
Cannot use INFOTYPES
Cannot Use RANGES
Cannot Use Short Form of PROVIDE
Procedures
Cannot Use Untyped Interface Parameters
Pass by Reference is Standard for Methods
Static Check for Interface Parameters
Exceptions must be defined in the triggering class
No Definition of Interface Parameters with TABLES
No Obsolete Casting for Interface Parameters
Cannot Use the LOCAL Statement
Cannot Use PERFORM form(prog)
Passing SY-REPID not allowed
No transfer of SY-SUBRC
Data Clusters
You Must Declare Identification
Cannot Use Generic Identification
Cannot Use Implicit Names in Clusters
No use of table work areas
No clusters in files
Program Calls
Incorrect transaction call
No implicit field names when calling dialog modules
Database Accesses
Database Accesses
Cannot Use Short Forms
Cannot Use an Asterisk To Indicate a Work Area
Cannot Use READ TABLE
Cannot UseLOOP AT
Cannot Use REFRESH FROM
Cannot use VERSION addition
Wrong Logical Operators in the WHERE Clause
Subroutine Calls Not Allowed in EXEC SQL
Lists
Incorrect Dynamic Position Definiion
Cannot Use Obsolete Formatting Statements
Cannot Perform Automatic Calculations While Using the WRITE Statement
Cannot Use MARK
Missing Print Parameters in the NEW-PAGE Statement
Missing Print Parameters in SUBMIT
Cannot use NEW-SECTION
Cannot Use Constants in the HIDE Area
Reporting
Cannot Use STOP
Cannot Use REJECT
CHECK SELECT-OPTIONS not allowed
CLASS
Variants:
Variant 1a
Extras:
Effect
Note
Note
Example
Addition 1
Effect
Note
Addition 2
Effect
Example
Addition 3
Effect
Example
Addition 4
Effect
Example
Addition 5
Effect
Notes
Example
Addition 6
Effect
Note
Example
Addition 7
Effect
Variant 1b
Effect
Note
Example
Variant 1c
Effect
Example
Variant 1d
Effect
Note
Variant 2
Effect
Note
Example
Related
Additional help
PUBLIC
Basic form
Effect
Example
Related
Additional help
PROTECTED
PROTECTED
Basic form
Effect
Example
Related
Additional help
PRIVATE
PRIVATE
Basic form
Effect
Example
Related
Additional help
ENDCLASS
Basic form
Effect
Related
Additional help
CLASS-DATA
Basic form
Effect
Note
Example
Note
Example
Related
Additional help
CLASS-METHODS
Variants:
Effect
Note
Variant 1
Effect
Example
Variant 2
Effect
Example
Related
Additional help
CLASS-EVENTS
Basic form
Effect
Note
Example
Related
Additional help
METHODS
METHODS
Variants:
Note
Variant 1
Extras:
Effect
Notes
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Example
Note
Addition 4
Effect
Note
Addition 5
Effect
Note
Addition 6
Effect
Note
Addition 7
Effect
Notes
Addition 8
Effect
Addition 9
Effect
Example
Variant 2
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Note
Example
Related
Additional help
EVENTS
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Example
Related
Additional help
INTERFACES
INTERFACES
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Example
Nesting interfaces
Note
Example
Additions for Implementation in Classes
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Addition 5
Effect
Related
Additional help
ALIASES
Basic form
Effect
Notes
Example
Related
METHOD
METHOD
Basic form
Effect
Example
Related
Additional help
ENDMETHOD
ENDMETHOD
Basic form
Effect
Related
Additional help
INTERFACE
INTERFACE
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
&ABAP_EXAMPLE&
Addition 1
Effect
Note
&ABAP_EXAMPLE&
&ABAP_ADDITION_2&
&ABAP_EFFECT&
&ABAP_ADDITION_3&
&ABAP_EFFECT&
Related
Additional help
ENDINTERFACE
ENDINTERFACE
Basic form
Effect
Related
Additional help
CREATE - Create an Object in ABAP Objects
Basic form 1
Variants:
Effect
Variant 1
Extras:
Note
Example
Addition 1
Effect
Example
Addition 2
Effect
Example
Variant 2
Extras:
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Example
Variant 3
Extras:
Note
Addition 1
Addition 2
Addition 3
Addition 4
Effect
Example
Note
If executed successfully, the CREATE OBJECTstatement sets SY-SUBRC to zero. Values of SY-SUBRC other than zero can occur depending on the handling of exceptions by the instance constructor.
Exceptions
Related
Additional help
CALL - Calling a Method in ABAP Objects
Variants:
Effect
Variant 1a
Variant 1b
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Example
Addition 2
Effect
Example
Addition 3
Effect
Example
Addition 4
Effect
Example
Addition 5
Effect
Notes
Example
Variant 2
Effect
Example
Variant 3
Effect
Example
Variant 4
Effect
Example
Note
Variant 5a
Variant 5b
Variant 5c
Variant 5d
Variant 5e
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Example
Addition 2
Effect
Example
Exceptions
Related
Additional help
RAISE EVENT
RAISE EVENT
Basic form 2
Addition:
Effect
Addition
Effect
Example
Exceptions
Related
Additional help
SET HANDLER
SET HANDLER
Basic form 19
Variants:
Effect
Variant 1
Effect
Note
Example
Example
Variant 2
Addition:
Effect
Note
Example
Variant 3
Addition:
Effect
Example
Example
Addition
Effect
Note
Example
Note
Note
Note
Exceptions
Related
Additional help
TYPES - For Reference Types
TYPES - For Reference Types
Variant 1
Addition:
Effect
Note
Example
Additional help
Related
DATA
DATA
Variant 1
Addition:
Effect
Note
Example
Additional help
Related
DATA ... READ-ONLY
DATA
Variant 1
Addition:
Effect
Example
Additional help
Related
MOVE METH( ... ) TO ...
MOVE
Variant 4
Effect
Example
Related
MOVE ... ?TO ...
MOVE
Variant 5
Effect
Note
Example
Related
COMPUTE ... ?= ...
COMPUTE
Variant 3
Additional help
ABAP System Classes
Classes for Determining Type Properties at Runtime
(Run-Time Type Identification RTTI)
Concept
Class Hierarchy
Example
Classes for Converting Character Sets and Number Formats
Concept
Classes
Class for Mathematical Operations
Class for Arithmetic and Conversion of Time Stamps
Class for Establishing the Field Properties of Individual Characters
Class for Data Clusters
Class for Getting the Transaction Status
ABAP Object Services
ABAP Object Services
Persistence Service
Persistence Service
Transaction Service
Transaction Service
Example
ABAP Unicode
ABAP Programs Under Unicode
Restrictions in Unicode Programs
Concepts and Conventions
1. Data types
2. Data layout of structures
3. Unicode fragment view
4. Permitted characters
5. Character-type and numeric-type operands
Access Using Offset and Length Addressing
1. Accessing single fields
2. Accessing structures
3. Passing parameters to subroutines
4. Accessing field symbols using offset and length addressing
5. Accessing field symbols using offset addressing without specifying length
Assignments
1. Conversion between flat structures
2. Conversion between structures and single fields
3. Conversion between internal tables
4. Implicit conversions
5. Saving byte strings in character-type containers
Handling Structures like a Single Component
Handling Structures as Single Fields
Comparisons
Comparisons
Overview
1. Comparisons between flat structures
2. Comparisons between single fields and flat structures
3. Comparisons between deep structures
4. Comparisons between internal tables
Casting Data Objects
Type Checks and Type Compatibility
Type Checks and Type Compatibility
1. Field symbols
2. STRUCTURE
3. LIKE
4. INCLUDES
Structure Typing Compatibility
Kompatibilität bei Structure-Typisierung
1. Probleme durch schließende Alignment-Lücken
2. Lösungsmöglichkeiten bei der Übergabe von Strukturen
3. Lösungsmöglichkeiten bei der Übergabe von internen Tabellen
Processing Strings in Unicode Systems
1. Statements for processing strings
2. Comparison operators for processing byte and character strings
3. Functions for processing byte and character strings
4. Output in fields and lists
Determine Length and Distance
Establishing Length and Distance
Specifying the Key for Tables Accesses
Storage of Cluster Tables in Database Tables
Storing Data Clusters in Database Tables
The ABAP File Interface
1. Opening files
2. Reading files
3. Writing files
4. Non-Catchable Exceptions
Database operations
Database Operations
Structure Enhancements
1. Structure Enhancement Possibilities
2. Problems Caused by Structure Enhancements
3. Enhancement Classification in the Dictionary
4. Enhancement Handling in Program Check
Other Changes
Other Changes Relating to Unicode
1. Bit statements
2. Adding field strings
3. Loops with the VARY and VARYING additions
4. Generating subroutines
5. Saving programs
6. Types and GET/SET PARAMETER ...
Special Statements for Unicode Programs
Special Statements for Unicode Programs
String Processing for Byte Sequences
String Processing for Byte Sequences
1. The IN BYTE MODE addition
2. Determining the length of the string
3. String comparison operations
Additions for Determining Length and Distance
Assignments to Field Symbols
Assignments to Field Symbols
1. RANGE
2. INCREMENT
3. CASTING
Offset/Length Accesses with Group Names
Includes with Group Names
Creating Data Objects Dynamically
1. Data objects
2. Table objects
Assigning Fields Dynamically
Example
Storing Data Clusters
1. Exporting data
2. Importing data
Neue Zusätze für die Dateischnittstelle
1. Opening files
2. Reading data
3. Writing data
5.File attributes You can obtain the attributes of a file at runtime, using the GET DATASET or change them using SET DATASET.
ABAP Data and Communication Interfaces
ABAP Data and Communication Interfaces
Special Features When Generating Batch Input Sessions
Step loop fields, table control fields
Screens with variable step loops
Fields in subscreens
Function codes
Radio buttons, checkboxes and pushbuttons
Positioning the cursor
Changes to transactions
Special Features when Processing a Batch Input Session
Differences between online and background processing
Authorization checking
Transactions which behave differently in the background from online
List processing
Cursor position
Warning dialog
User-specific display formats (date, decimal points)
"Back", "Exit" and "Cancel"
SET/GET parameters
Messages
Update
System crash
What is meant by not batch input capable?
Log Reorganization
Batch Input Authorizations
Application help:
Cross-Transaction Application Buffer
Cross-Transaction Application Buffer
Application Help for CPIC
COMMUNICATION
Variants:
Variant 1
Addition:
Effect
Note
Addition
Effect
Example
Variant 2
Addition:
Effect
Example
Variant 3
Addition:
Effect
Note
Example
Variant 4
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Example
Variant 5
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Note
Example
Variant 6
Addition:
Effect
Example
Note
Example
Exceptions
Additional help
RFC - Remote Function Call
Remote Function Calls (RFC) - Introduction
Help Documentation
CALL FUNCTION DESTINATION
Variant 4
Extras:
Effect
Note
Note
Notes
Note
Note
Note
Note
Note
Note
Note
Note
Addition 2
Effect
Note
Example
Note
Exceptions for RFC
Runtime Error: CALL_FUNCTION_TABINFO
Cause: Only applies to asynchronous RFC: Task name is already being used
Runtime Error: CALL_FUNCTION_TASK_IN_USE
Cause: Only applies to asynchronous RFC: The specified task is already open
Runtime Error: CALL_FUNCTION_TASK_YET_OPEN
CALL FUNCTION ... IN BACKGROUND TASK (transactional RFC)
CALL FUNCTION IN BACKGROUND TASK
Variant 5
Extras:
Effect
Note
Note
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Note
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Notes
Example
Note
Note
Exceptions for RFC
Runtime Error: CALL_FUNCTION_TABINFO
Cause: Only applies to asynchronous RFC: Task name is already being used
Runtime Error: CALL_FUNCTION_TASK_IN_USE
Cause: Only applies to asynchronous RFC: The specified task is already open
Runtime Error: CALL_FUNCTION_TASK_YET_OPEN
CALL FUNCTION ... STARTING NEW TASK (asynchronous RFC)
CALL FUNCTION STARTING NEW TASK
Variant 2
Extras:
Effect
Notes
Addition 1
Effect
Note
Note
Note
Addition 2
Addition 3
Effect
Notes
Addition 4
Notes
Addition 5
Effect
Addition 6
Effect
Addition 7
Effect
Note
Examples
Note
Note
Exceptions for RFC
Runtime Error: CALL_FUNCTION_TABINFO
Cause: Only applies to asynchronous RFC: Task name is already being used
Runtime Error: CALL_FUNCTION_TASK_IN_USE
Cause: Only applies to asynchronous RFC: The specified task is already open
Runtime Error: CALL_FUNCTION_TASK_YET_OPEN
RECEIVE
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Notes
Addition 1
Effect
Notes
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Effect
Addition 4
Effect
Note
Example
Note
Example
Note
Exceptions
Exceptions for RFC
Runtime Error: CALL_FUNCTION_TABINFO
Cause: Only applies to asynchronous RFC: Task name is already being used
Runtime Error: CALL_FUNCTION_TASK_IN_USE
Cause: Only applies to asynchronous RFC: The specified task is already open
Runtime Error: CALL_FUNCTION_TASK_YET_OPEN
WAIT - Wait for event
Variant 1
Effect
Note
Variant 2
Addition:
Effect
Notes
Addition
Notes
Example
Exceptions
Define Remote Destinations (RFC)
Defining Remote Destinations
You maintain remote destinations in table RFCDES. This table cont the logical destinatinos for remote function calls (RFCs).
You cannot maintain table RFCDES directly.
You can maintain the logical destination in the following ways:
Notes
RFC Logon in Target System (Remote Logon)
RFC logon to target system (remote logon)
Trusted/Trusting Systems (RFC)
Trusted and Trusting Systems
Displaying and Maintaining Trusted Systems
Maintaining Destinations for Trusted and Trusting Systems
Displaying Trusted Systems
Troubleshooting for Trusted and Trusting Systems
Remote Function Call (RFC) - Authorization Concept
Typical RFC Problems and Their Solutions
OLE2 Automation
ABAP as OLE2 Automation Controller
Conversion Rules
The Automation Queue
CREATE OBJECT
CREATE
Basic form 2
Addition:
Effect
Note
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Example
Related
SET PROPERTY
SET PROPERTY
Basic form 14
Addition:
Effect
Addition
Example
Related
GET PROPERTY
GET
Basic form 6
Addition:
Effect
Addition_1
Addition 2
Effect
Example
Related
CALL METHOD
CALL - Calling a Method in OLE2 Automation
Basic form 6
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Addition 2
Effect
Addition 3
Addition 4
Effect
Example
Related
FREE - Release memory occupied by an external object
Basic form
Addition:
Effect
Addition
Effect
Example
Related
CALL cfunc
CALL - Call a System Function
Note
Basic form 8
Addition:
Effect
Addition
Effect
Example
Note
Exceptions
CALL TRANSFORMATION
CALL TRANSFORMATION
Basic form
Extras:
Effect
Addition 1
Effect
Note
Addition 2
Effect
Note
Addition 3a
Effect
Addition 3b
Effect
Addition 4a
Effect
Addition 4b
Effect
Example
Exceptions
ABAP and JavaScript
ABAP and JavaScript
For more details, see:
The CL_JAVA_SCRIPT Class
Example
ABAP Overviews
Alphabetical Overview of ABAP
Alphabetical Overview of ABAP
List of ABAP Language Elements
ABAP and Unicode
ABAP and Unicode
ABAP System Fields
Classification of Key Words by Type
Language Elements Introducing Programs
Declarative Language Elements
Event Language Elements
Controlling Language Elements
Operational Language Elements
Comments
Include other program components
ABAP Sample Programs
Summary of Obsolete Key Words
Obsolete Variants of the READ Command
Variants:
Note
Variant 1
Effect
Variant 2
Effect
Note
Variant 3
Effect
Exceptions
ABAP - Tools
ABAP Programming Tools
ABAP - Workbench Tools
ABAP Workbench Tools
ABAP Programming Tools
ABAP Changes by Release
ABAP - Release-Specific Changes
Topics:
Changes Prior to Release 3.0
Changes in Release 3.0
Changes in Releases 4.0 and 4.5
Changes in Release 4.6A
Changes in Release 4.6C
Changes in Release 6.10
Changes in Release 6.20
ABAP Changes by Release
Changes Before Release 3.0
Modification 1
Modification 2
Modification 3
Modification 4
Modification 5
Modification 6
Changes in Release 3.0
Changes in Release 3.0
Topics:
14.03.96
14.12.95
14.12.95
23.11.95
05.10.95
20.07.95
17.05.95
14.03.95
28.02.95
22.02.95
22.02.95
15.02.95
26.01.95
20.01.95
19.01.95
19.01.95
18.01.95
18.01.95
18.01.95
18.01.95
18.01.95
29.12.94
27.12.94
15.12.94
15.12.94
14.12.94
13.12.94
27.10.94
24.10.94
19.10.94
17.10.94
17.10.94
15.10.94
13.10.94
04.10.94
16.09.94
08.09.94
07.09.94
07.09.94
05.09.94
02.09.94
29.08.94
25.08.94
20.08.94
19.08.94
19.08.94
19.08.94
17.08.94
01.08.94
28.07.94
22.07.94
22.07.94
20.07.94
20.07.94
20.07.94
20.07.94
18.07.94
15.07.94
15.07.94
15.07.94
15.07.94
15.07.94
01.07.94
23.06.94
15.06.94
01.06.94
Declarative statements
Declarative Statements in Release 3.0
Modification 1
Modification 2
Modification 3
Modification 4
Modification 5
Modification 6
Modification 7
RFC - Remote Function Call
RFC - Remote Function Call in Release 3.0
Modification 1
Modification 2
Modification 3
Logical Databases and Selection Screens
Logical Databases and Selection Screens in Release 3.0
Modification 1
Modification 2
Modification 3
Modification 4
Modification 5
Modification 6
Modification 7
Modification 8
Modification 9
Modification 10
Modification 11
Modification 12
Modification 13
Modification 14
Modification 15
Modification 16
Modification 17
Modification 18
Note
Modification 19
Modification 20
Modification 21
Modification 22
Modification 23
Modification 24
Modification 25
Modification 26
Modification 27
Modification 28
String Processing
Changes Relating to "String Processing" in Release 3.0
Modification 1
Modification 2
Modification 3
Modification 4
Modification 5
Modification 6
Internationalization
Internationalization in Release 3.0
Overview
Modification 1
Modification 2
Modification 3
List Processing
List Processing in Release 3.0
Modification 1
Example
Modification 2
Example
Modification 3
Modification 4
Note
Modification 5
Note
Example
Modification 6
Note
Modification 7
Modification 8
Modification 9
Modification 10
Modification 11
Modification 12
Modification 13
Modification 14
Example
Modification 15
Example
Modification 16
Debugger
Changes Relating to "Debugging" in Release 3.0
Modification 1
Modification 2
Modification 3
Modification 4
Modification 5
Arithmetic Expressions
Arithmetic Expressions in Release 3.0
Modification 1
Modification 2
Assigning Types to Formal Parameters
Assigning Formal Parameters in Release 3.0
Displaying Icons on Screens
Displaying Icons on Screens
OLE2 Automation Controller
OLE2 Automation Controller in Release 3.0
R/3 as OLE Automation Server
Open SQL
Open SQL in Release 3.0
Modification 1
Modification 2
Modification 3
Modification 4
Modification 5
Modification 6
Modification 7
Modification 8
Messages
Changes to "Messages" for Release 3.0
Modification 1
Modification 2
Miscellaneous
Other Changes in Release 3.0
Modification 1
Modification 2
Modification 3
Modification 4
Modification 5
Modification 6
Modification 7
Changes in Release 4.0 and 4.5
Changes in Releases 4.0 and 4.5
Bit Operations and Bit Comparisons
Bit Operations and Bit Comparisons in Release 4.0
New variants SET BIT and GET BIT
,,New bit operations BIT-NOT, BIT-AND, BIT-XOR and BIT-OR
Changes in Bit Comparisons
Data Types in the ABAP Dictionary
Data types in the ABAP Dictionary
General
Description of functionality
Elementary Types
Structured types
Table types
Database tables
What's next?
Processing Large Datasets
Processing Large Datasets in Release 4.0
General Information
Description of Function
New Index Management in Internal Tables
Accessing Individual Internal Table Entries With Field Symbols
New Storage Area for Extracts
New External Sort Process for Internal Tables and Extracts
Extended Field Symbol Concept:
Extended Concept for Field Symbols in Release 4.0:
Internal Tables - Key Tables
Internal Tables - Key Tables in Release 4.0
New table types: STANDARD TABLE, SORTED TABLE, and HASHED TABLE
Generic table types: INDEX TABLE and ANY TABLE
Typing procedure parameters
New table operations
Integration of the new table types
Internal Tables and Extracts
Internal Tables and Extracts in Release 4.0
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Runtime Analysis
Runtime Analysis: in Release 4.0A
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Open SQL
Open SQL in Release 4.0
INNER JOIN and LEFT OUTER JOIN
Subqueries
HAVING Clause
RFC - Remote Function Call
RFC - Remote Function Call in Release 4.0
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Enhancements for Remote Function Call in Release 4.6.
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Selection Screens
Selection Screens in Release 4.0
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Logical Databases
Developments in Logical Databases in 4.0
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Time Stamp
Timestamps in Release 4.0
Further information about timestamps
Additional Changes in Release 4.0
Further Changes in Release 4.0
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Additional Changes in Release 4.5
Other changes in Release 4.5A
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Introduction of ABAP Objects
ABAP Objects
Overview
Runtime Analysis
Runtime Analysis in Release 4.5
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Changes in Release 4.6A
Changes in Release 4.6A
ABAP Objects - Inheritance and Nested Interfaces
ABAP Objects - Inheritance and Compound Interfaces in Release 4.6A
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ABAP Objects - Dynamic Method Call
New Features in ABAP Objects - Dynamic Invoke
ABAP Objects - Other Developments
ABAP Objects - Further Enhancements in Release 4.6A
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ABAP Objects - Obsolete Statements
New Features in ABAP Objects - Obsolete Language Constructs
New Data Types STRING and XSTRING
New Data Types STRING and XSTRING
Data Objects and Data References
Data Objects and Data References in Release 4.6A
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Data and Object Type Description at Runtime
Description of Data and Object Types at Runtime
Named Includes
Named Includes in Release 4.6A
Casting Arbitrary Data Types
Casting to Any Data Type
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Note
Dynamic Offset and Length Access
Dynamic Offset/Length Access in Release 4.6A
Note
Internal Tables
Internal Tables in Release 4.6A
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Runtime Analysis
Runtime Analysis in Release 4.6A
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Debugger
ABAP Debugger in Release 4.6A
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Other Developments
Enhancements in Release 4.6A
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Other Changes
Further Changes in Release 4.6A
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Changes in Release 4.6C
Changes in Release 4.6C
ABAP Objects
What's New in ABAP Objects
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Optimizations in the Runtime System
Optimization in the Runtime System in Release 4.6C
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Runtime Analysis
New Functions in Runtime Analysis
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Other Changes
Other Developments in Release 4.6 C
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Changes in Release 6.10
Changes in Release 6.10
Unicode
Unicode in Release 6.10
ABAP Objects
ABAP Objects in Release 6.10
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Object Services
Object Services in Release 6.10
Internal Tables
Internal Tables in Release 6.10
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Character Strings
Character Strings in Release 6.10
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File interface
File Interface in Release 6.10
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Compiler
Compiler in Release 6.10
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Runtime and Load Size
Runtime and Loadsize in Release 6.10
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Type Concept
Type Concept in Release 6.10
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Example
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SQL and Updates
SQL and Update in Release 6.10
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With Open SQL you can now store character strings and binary data in database columns as strings.
Exception Handling
Exception Handling in Release 6.10
Data References
Data References in Release 6.10
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Example
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Using JavaScript with ABAP
Integrating JavaScript in Release 6.10
Debugger
Debugger in Release 6.10
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Coverage Analyzer
Coverage Analyzer in Release 6.10
List Processing
List Processing in Release 6.10
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System Fields
System fields in Release 6.10
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Other Changes
Other Changes in Release 6.10
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Changes in Release 6.20
Changes in Release 6.20
The main developments in Release 6.20 are in the following areas:
ABAP Objects
Structure Enhancements
Exceptions that Can Be Handled
Additions
Short Dumps
Tools
Further Changes
ABAP Objects
ABAP Objects in Release 6.20
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Structure Enhancements
Structure Enhancements in Release 6.20
Exceptions that Can Be Handled
New Exceptions that Can Be Handled in Release 6.20
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Extras
Additions in Release 6.20
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Short Dumps
Short Dumps in Release 6.20
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Tools
Tools in Release 6.20
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The display of the memory consumption of dynamic objects has been divided into an overview of the total memory consumption and ranked lists for individual objects. You can compile the ranked lists according to specific criteria by choosing the function Change Settings. You now display the memory consumption by choosing Goto-> Status Displays -> Memory Consumption.
Breakpoints are then differentiated by whether they are effective in an HTTP or standard session. HTTP debugging is activated in the Editor by choosing Utilities → Settings → HTTPDebugging. Depending on the setting, the system then displays either the HTTP or standard breakpoints in the Editor.
If, under Settings, you selected the function Check Sorting Before READ BINARY SEARCH, the system checks, before every execution of this statement, whether the internal table is sorted. If the table is not sorted, a Runtime Error occurs. You should only activate this setting shortly before reaching a relevant point in the source code, because there can be a significant loss in performance, depending on the table size.
If you checked the "Check Sorting Before PROVIDE" function under settings, the system checks all of the relevant tables - and not just the area specified with extlim1 und extlim2 - for sorting and overlapping intervals when the long form of the PROVIDE statement is executed.
When displaying exception objects, the system only displayed the key itself in the field display for the TEXTID attribute that contains the OTR key of the text description assigned to the exception. Because this key is generated automatically and is nothing more than a sequence of numbers, assigning the corresponding text to the exception was difficult. The reason for this is that the displayed value had to be compared with the values of all constants generated for the exception. To simplify the assignment, the name of the constant generated for the key is now displayed as a Quickinfo. For example, in the case of an exception of the type CX_SY_FILE_IO for the TEXTID attribute the system displays READ_ERROR or WRITE_ERROR as a Quickinfo, depending on whether the exception was raised while reading or writing. The actual value of the attribute is the OTR key of the corresponding text description.
By choosing Debugging -> Session, you can now persistently save breakpoints and the settings System Debugging and Always Create Exception Object and reload them later. You can save the session, entering a name and expiry date for it. It is then available to other users and sessions, with the selected settings.
Other Changes
Further Changes in Release 6.20
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