Table of Contents
Title Page
Foreword
Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1 : Construction Planning and Storage of Materials
Contents
Part 1 : Construction Planning
1. General
2. Construction Planning
Part 2 : Storage of Materials
1. General
2. Cement
3. Lime
4. Bricks
5. Aggregate
6. Fly Ash
7. Timber
8. Steel
9. Doors, Windows and Ventilators
Fig. 1.1
10. Roofing Sheets
11. Boards
12. Plastic and Rubber Sheets
13. Glass Sheets
14. Asbestos Cement, Pipes and Fittings
15. Polyethylene Pipes
16. Unplasticized PVC Pipes
17. Bitumen, Road Tar and Asphalt
18. Water
19. Flat Tiles
20. Oil Paints
21. Sanitary Appliances
22. Piles
23. Other Materials
24. Special Considerations
25. Electrical Materials
Chapter 2 : Earthwork
Contents
1. Classification of Soils
2. General Precautions
3. Surface Excavation
4. Rough Excavation
Fig. 2.1
5. Excavation Over Area in Soft/Hard Soil
6. Excavation Over Area in Ordinary/Hard Rock
7. Excavation in Foundation Trenches or Drains (Soft/Hard Soil)
8. Excavation in Foundation Trenches or Drains (Ordinary Rock)
9. Excavation in Foundation Trenches or Drains (Hard Rock)
10. Excavation in Trenches for Pipes, Cables, Etc, and Refilling
11. Shoring and Timbering
Fig. 2.2
12. Excavation in Mud, Water or Foul Position
13. Filling in Trenches, Under Floors, etc
14. Sand Filling in Plinth
15. Surface Dressing
16. Anti-termite Treatment (Chemical Treatment)
Table 2.1
Table 2.2
Table 2.3
Table 2.4
Fig. 2.3
Fig. 2.4
Fig. 2.5
Chapter 3 : Foundations
Contents
1. General
2. Types of Foundations
3. Construction of Foundations
4. Machine Foundations
5. Miscellaneous
6. Special Structures
Annex A
Annex B
Table 3.1
Chapter 4 : Masonry
Contents
1. General
Part 1 : Mortars
1. Type of Mortars
2. Selection of Mortars
Table 4.1
3. Preparation of Mortars
Table 4.2
Annex A
Annex B
Part 2 : Brickwork and Blockwork
Section 1 : Brick and Block Units
1. General
2. Bricks
3. Blocks
4. Summary of Properties of Masonry Units
Table 4.3
Annex C
Fig. 4.1
Section 2 : Construction Practices - Brickwork
1. General
2. Types of Bonds
Fig. 4.2
Fig. 4.3
Fig. 4.4
Fig. 4.5
Fig. 4.6
Fig. 4.7
3. Thickness of Joint
Fig. 4.8
Fig. 4.9
Fig. 4.10
4. Preparatory Work
5. Laying of Brickwork
Fig. 4.11
Fig. 4.12
Section 3 : Construction Practice - Blockwork
1. General
2. Mortar
Table 4.4
3. Concrete
4. Thickness
5. Lateral Support
6. Avoidance of Crack Formation
Fig. 4.13
Table 4.5
Fig. 4.14
Fig. 4.15
7. Preparatory Work
8. Laying of Concrete Blocks
9. Provision for Door and Window Frames
10. Provision for Roof
11. Intersecting Wall
12. Renderings and Other Finishes
Section 4 : In-situ Walls with Soil Cement
1. General
2. Soil
Fig. 4.16
3. Wall Construction
4. Preparation of Mud Plaster
Fig. 4.17
Part 3 : Stonework
1. General
2. Properties of Stones
Table 4.6
3. Mortars
4. Selection of Stone
Table 4.7
5. Preparatory Work
Fig. 4.18
6. Types of Masonry
7. Random Rubble
8. Squared Rubble
9. Polygonal Rubble Matching
Fig. 4.19
Fig. 4.20
Fig. 4.21
Fig. 4.22
Fig. 4.23
Fig. 4.24
10. Plain Ashlar
11. Laying of Stones - General Requirements
Fig. 4.25
12. Laying of Different Types of Masonry
Fig. 4.26
Fig. 4.27
Fig. 4.28
Fig. 4.29
Fig. 4.30
Fig. 4.31
Fig. 4.32
Fig. 4.33
Fig. 4.34
Fig. 4.35
Chapter 5 : Plain and Reinforced Concrete
Contents
Part 1 : Common Requirements for Plain and Reinforced Cement Concrete
1. General
2. Materials
Table 5.1
Table 5.2
Table 5.3
Table 5.4
Table 5.5
3. Grades of Cement Concrete
Table 5.6
4. Production and Control of Concrete
Table 5.7
Table 5.8
5. Mixing
Table 5.9
6. Transporting, Placing, Compacting and Curing
7. Concreting Under Special Conditions
Table 5.10
Fig. 5.1
Table 5.11
Table 5.12
8. Ready Mixed Concrete
9. Non-destructive Tests
Annex A
Table 5.13
Annex B
Annex C
Fig. 5.2
Fig. 5.3
Part 2 : Requirements of Reinforced Concrete
1. General
2. Formwork
Part 3 : Lime and Lime Pozzolana Mixture Concrete
Section 1 : Lime Concrete
1. General
2. Materials
3. Properties of Lime Concrete
4. Mixing
5. Laying of Lime Concrete
Table 5.14
Section 2 : Lime Pozzolana Mixture Concrete
1. General
2. Materials
3. Mixing
4. Laying
Part 4 : Shotcrete
1. General
2. Materials
3. Shotcreting Process
Table 5.15
Table 5.16
4. Properties of Shotcrete
Fig. 5.4
5. Pre-construction Testing
6. Mixing
7. Application of Shotcrete
Chapter 6 : Anti-termite Measures
Contents
1. General
Part 1 : Constructional Measures
1. General
2. Preliminary Work
3. Design Criteria
4. Internal and External Anti-termite Measures
5. Termite Shields
Fig. 6.1
Fig. 6.2
Fig. 6.3
Fig. 6.4
Fig. 6.5
Fig. 6.6
Fig. 6.7
Fig. 6.8
Fig. 6.9
Fig. 6.10
Part 2 : Treatment in Existing Buildings
1. General
2. Post Construction Treatment
3. Inspection
Annex A
Chapter 7 : Doors and Windows (Wood and Metal)
Contents
1. General
Part 1 : Timber Doors, Windows and Ventilators
1. General
2. Classification of Timber
Table 7.1
3. Wood Panel Products
4. Doors and Windows
5. Installation of Wooden Frames
6. Installation of Pressed Steel Frames
7. Installation of Panelled Shutters
8. Joinery
Fig. 7.1
Fig. 7.2
Fig. 7.3
Fig. 7.4
9. Ledged and Battened and Ledged, Braced and Battened Door and Windows Shutters
Fig. 7.5
10. Battened and Framed Door and Window Shutters
11. Timber Panelled and Glazed Shutters
12. Louvred Shutters
13. Fittings (Hardware)
Fig. 7.6
Fig. 7.7
Fig. 7.8
Fig. 7.9
Fig. 7.10
Fig. 7.11
Fig. 7.12
Fig. 7.13
Fig. 7.14
Fig. 7.15
Fig. 7.16
Fig. 7.17
14. Glazing
Fig. 7.18
Fig. 7.19
Fig. 7.20
Fig. 7.21
Annex A
Part 2 : Metal Doors, Windows and Ventilators (Steel and Aluminium)
1. General
2. Installation
Fig. 7.22
Fig. 7.23
Fig. 7.24
Fig. 7.25
Fig. 7.26
Fig. 7.27
3. Glazing
4. Other Shutters
Chapter 8 : Steel Construction
Contents
Part 1 : Use of Hot Rolled Sections
1. General
2. Materials
3. Fabrication and Erection
4. Connections
5. Fabrication and Connections for Design by Plastic Theory
6. Fabrication and Connections for Tubular Structures
Fig. 8.1
Annex A
Part 2 : Use of Cold Formed Sections
1. General
2. Materials
Chapter 9 : Floors and Floor Coverings
Contents
1. General
Part 1 : Brick Floors
1. General
2. Burnt Clay Brick Flooring
3. Reinforced Brick and Brick Concrete Floors
Fig. 9.1
Part 2 : Cement Concrete Floors
1. In-situ Concrete Flooring
Fig. 9.2
Fig. 9.3
Fig. 9.4
Fig. 9.5
Fig. 9.6
Table 9.1
2. In-situ Granolithic Concrete for Floor Topping
Table 9.2
Table 9.3
Table 9.4
3. In-situ Terrazzo Floor Finish
Fig. 9.7
Fig. 9.8
Table 9.5
4. Cement Concrete Flooring Tiles
Annex A
Part 3 : Industrial Floor Finishes
1. General
2. Types of Industrial Floor Finishes
Table 9.6
Table 9.7
Table 9.8
3. Dairy Floor Finishes
Table 9.9
Fig. 9.9
Fig. 9.10
4. Bitumen Mastic Flooring for LPG
Part 4 : Special Floors and Floor Coverings
1. General
2. Magnesium Oxychloride Composition Floors
3. Bitumen Mastic Flooring
Table 9.10
4. Rubber Floors
5. Linoleum Floors
6. Epoxy Resin Floor Toppings
Table 9.11
7. Flexible PVC Sheet and Tile Flooring
8. Chemical Resistant Mortars
9. Silicate Type Chemical Resistant Mortars
10. Resin Type Chemical Resistant Mortar
Table 9.12
11. Sulphur Type Chemical Resistant Mortar
Table 9.13
Table 9.14
12. Parquet Flooring
Fig. 9.11
Fig. 9.12
Fig. 9.13
Fig. 9.14
Fig. 9.15
Fig. 9.16
Annex B
Part 5 : Timber Floors
1. General
2. Materials
3. Types of Timber Floors
4. Construction
5. Timber Floor Boards
Fig. 9.17
Fig. 9.18
Fig. 9.19
Fig. 9.20
Fig. 9.21
Fig. 9.22
Fig. 9.23
Chapter 10 : Wall and Ceiling Finishes and Coverings and Walling
Contents
Part 1 : Wall and Ceiling Finishes and Coverings
1. General
2. Lime Plaster Finish
3. Cement and Cement-lime Plaster Finish
Table 10.1
Table 10.2
4. External Rendered Finishes
Table 10.3
Table 10.4
5. External Facing and Veneers - Stone Facing
Fig. 10.1
Fig. 10.2
Fig. 10.3
Fig. 10.4
Fig. 10.5
Fig. 10.6
6. External Facings and Veneers - Cement Concrete
Fig. 10.7
Fig. 10.8
Fig. 10.9
Fig. 10.10
Fig. 10.11
7. External Facing and Veneers - Wall Tiling and Mosaics
8. Wall Coverings
Table 10.5
Fig. 10.12
Fig. 10.13
Fig. 10.14
Fig. 10.15
Fig. 10.16
Fig. 10.17
Fig. 10.18
Fig. 10.19
9. Ceiling Coverings
Fig. 10.20
Fig. 10.21
10. Fixing Devices
Annex A
Annex B
Table 10.6
Part 2 : Walling
1. General
2. Reed Walling
Fig. 10.22
Fig. 10.23
Fig. 10.24
Fig. 10.25
3. Gypsum Block Partitions - Non-load Bearing
4. No-fines Concrete
Fig. 10.26
Fig. 10.27
Fig. 10.28
Fig. 10.29
Table 10.7
Chapter 11 : Roofs and Roofing
Contents
1. General
Part 1 : Flat Roofs
1. General
2. Jack-arch Type Roof
Fig. 11.1
Fig. 11.2
Fig. 11.3
3. Brick-cum-concrete Composite Roof (Madras Terrace)
Fig. 11.4
4. Stone Slab Over Joist Floor
Fig. 11.5
Fig. 11.6
Fig. 11.7
5. Roofs and Floors with Joist and Filler Blocks - Hollow Concrete Filler Blocks
Fig. 11.8
6. Roofs and Floors with Joist and Filler Blocks - Hollow Clay Filler Blocks
Fig. 11.9
7. Roofs and Floors with Joists and Filler Blocks - Precast Hollow Clay Block Joists and Hollow Clay Filler Blocks
Fig. 11.10
Fig. 11.11
Fig. 11.12
8. Roofs and Floors with Joist and Filler Blocks - Precast Hollow Clay Block Slab Panels
Fig. 11.13
Fig. 11.14
Fig. 11.15
Annex A
Part 2 : Sloping Roofs
1. Wooden Shingle Roof
Fig. 11.16
Fig. 11.17
Fig. 11.18
2. Roofing with Mangalore Tiles
Fig. 11.19
Fig. 11.20
Fig. 11.21
3. Sloped Roof Covering - Slating
Fig. 11.22
Fig. 11.23
Fig. 11.24
4. Sloped Roof Using Plain and Corrugated Galvanized Steel Sheets
Fig. 11.25
Fig. 11.26
Fig. 11.27
Fig. 11.28
Fig. 11.29
5. Asbestos Cement Sheets - Corrugated
Fig. 11.30
Fig. 11.31
Fig. 11.32
Fig. 11.33
Fig. 11.34
Fig. 11.35
Fig. 11.36
Fig. 11.37
Fig. 11.38
Fig. 11.39
Fig. 11.40
6. Asbestos Cement Sheets - Semi-corrugated
Fig. 11.41
Fig. 11.42
Fig. 11.43
Fig. 11.44
Fig. 11.45
Fig. 11.46
Fig. 11.47
Fig. 11.48
Fig. 11.49
Fig. 11.50
Fig. 11.51
Fig. 11.52
Annex B
Part 3 : Shell Roofs (Curved Roofs)
1. General
2. Reinforced Concrete Shell Roof Cast In-situ
Fig. 11.53
3. Precast Doubly Curved Shell Units
Part 4 : Flat Roof Finish - Mud Phuska
1. General
2. Materials
3. Preperatory Work
4. Laying of Mud Phuska
Part 5 : Thatched Roofs
1. Thatching of Roof
Chapter 12 : Damp-proofing and Waterproofing
Contents
1. General
2. General Preparatory Work for Damp-proofing and Waterproofing
Fig. 12.1
Fig. 12.2
Fig. 12.3
Fig. 12.4
Fig. 12.5
Fig. 12.6
Fig. 12.7
Fig. 12.8
Fig. 12.9
Fig. 12.10
Fig. 12.11
Fig. 12.12
Fig. 12.13
Part 1 : Damp-proofing
1. General
Fig. 12.14
2. Bitumen Felt Treatment
3. Bitumen Mastic Treatment
Fig. 12.15
Fig. 12.16
Fig. 12.17
4. Glass Fibre Tissue Reinforced Bitumen Treatment
5. Waterproofing and Damp-proofing of Wet Areas in Building
Part 2 : Waterproofing
1. General
2. Lime Concrete Waterproofed Finish
Fig. 12.18
Fig. 12.19
3. Bitumen Felt
Fig. 12.20
4. Bitumen Mastic
Fig. 12.21
Fig. 12.22
Fig. 12.23
Fig. 12.24
Fig. 12.25
Fig. 12.26
Fig. 12.27
5. Polyethylene Film
Fig. 12.28
Fig. 12.29
Fig. 12.30
Fig. 12.31
Fig. 12.32
Fig. 12.33
6. Glass Fibre Tissue Reinforced Bitumen
Fig. 12.34
Fig. 12.35
Fig. 12.36
7. Waterproofing of Underground Reservoirs and Swimming Pools
Fig. 12.37
8. Silicone Based Water Repellent
Annex A
Chapter 13 : Joints in Buildings (Control of Cracks in Buildings)
Contents
1. General
2. Types of Joints
3. Design Features
Table 13.1
4. Materials
Fig. 13.1
Fig. 13.2
Fig. 13.3
5. Installation of Joints
Fig. 13.4
Fig. 13.5
Fig. 13.6
Fig. 13.7
Fig. 13.8
Fig. 13.9
Fig. 13.10
Fig. 13.11
Fig. 13.12
Fig. 13.13
Fig. 13.14
6. Maintenance
7. References
Chapter 14 : Whitewashing, Colour Washing and Painting of Masonry, Concrete and Plaster Surfaces (Calcareous Surfaces)
Contents
1. General
Part 1 : Whitewashing and Colour Washing
1. General
2. Materials
3. Preparatory Work
4. Preparation of Whitewash and Colour Wash
5. Application of Whitewash and Colour Wash
6. Protective Measures
Part 2 : Painting of Masonry, Concrete and Plaster Surfaces
1. General
2. Materials
3. Characteristics of the Background and Treatment
4. Preparation of Background
5. Application of Paints
Table 14.1
Table 14.2
Table 14.3
Annex A
Annex B
Annex C
Chapter 15 : Painting, Varnishing and Allied Finishes (Wood and Metals)
Contents
1. General
Part 1 : Finishing of Wood and Wood Based Materials
1. General
2. General Characteristics of Wood and Wood Based Materials
3. Design Considerations
4. Painting New Woodwork
5. Applications of Clear Finishes
6. French Polish
7. Finishing of Wood Based Materials
8. Painting Schedule
Table 15.1
Table 15.2
9. Maintenance
10. Finishing of Wood Products with Nitrocellulose and Cold Catalysed Materials
Table 15.3
11. Burnishing
Annex A
Annex B
Part 2 : Painting of Ferrous Metals in Buildings
1. General
2. Factory Pretreatment
3. On-site Pretreatment
4. Application of Paints
Table 15.4
Table 15.5
Part 3 : Painting of Non-ferrous Metals in Buildings
1. General
2. Surface Preparation and Pretreatment
3. Painting
Chapter 16 : Water Supply and Drainage
Contents
1. General
Part 1 : Water Supply
1. General
2. Materials
3. Conveyance and Distribution of Water Within the Premises
Fig. 16.1
4. General Requirements of Pipe Work
5. Laying of Pipes
Table 16.1
6. Jointing of Pipes
7. Storage of Water
8. Cleaning and Disinfection of the Supply System
9. Inspection, Testing and Maintenance
10. Requirements of Other Work
Part 2 : Building Drainage
1. General
2. Design Considerations
Fig. 16.2
Fig. 16.3
Fig. 16.4
Fig. 16.5
3. Storm Water Drainage
Table 16.2
4. Subsoil Water Drainage
5. Conveyance of Sanitary Wastes
Fig. 16.6
Fig. 16.7
Fig. 16.8
Fig. 16.9
Fig. 16.10
Fig. 16.11
Fig. 16.12
Fig. 16.13
Part 3 : Water Supply and Drainage in High Altitude/Sub-zero Temperature Regions
1. General
2. Water Supply
3. Waste Disposal
Fig. 16.14
Chapter 17 : Special Construction Procedures - Earthquake Effects, etc
Contents
1. General
Part 1 : Earthquake Resistance of Normal Buildings
1. General
2. Earthquake Resistant Construction of Normal Buildings
3. General Principles of Seismic Resistant Construction
Fig. 17.1
Fig. 17.2
4. Masonry Structures - Special Construction Features
Table 17.1
Fig. 17.3
Fig. 17.4
Table 17.2
Table 17.3
Fig. 17.5
Fig. 17.6
Table 17.4
Fig. 17.7
Fig. 17.8
5. Special Construction Features - Floors and Roofs with Small Precast Components
6. Timber Structures - Special Arrangements
Fig. 17.9
Fig. 17.10
Fig. 17.11
Fig. 17.12
Annex A
Annex B
Fig. 17.13
Table 17.5
Fig. 17.14
Part 2 : Earthquake Resistance of Weaker Buildings
1. Low Strength Masonry Buildings
2. Brickwork in Weak Mortar
3. Stone Masonry (Random Rubble or Semi-dressed)
Fig. 17.15
Fig. 17.16
4. Improving Earthquake Resistance of Earthen Buildings
Fig. 17.17
Fig. 17.18
Fig. 17.19
5. Repair and Seismic Strengthening of Buildings
Fig. 17.20
Fig. 17.21
Fig. 17.22
Fig. 17.23
Chapter 18 : Demolition of Buildings
Contents
1. General
2. Planning
3. Precautions and Protective Measures before Starting Demolition Work
4. Protection of the Public
Fig. 18.1
5. Sequence of Demolition Operations
6. Demolition of Floors
7. Demolition of Walls
Fig. 18.2
8. Demolition of Different Types of Structures and Elements
Fig. 18.3
Fig. 18.4
Fig. 18.5
9. Removal of Materials
10. References
List of Referred Indian Standards
